智能障礙者性議題之百年進展

Sexuality of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities:A Historical Review of Literature

智障者與其他社會人士一樣，有性、親密關係、尊重等需求。然而他們總先學到：自己是「有障礙的人」，而非「有性的人」。吾人對於智障者終其一生的性，僅有微乎其微的瞭解，這種漠視或誤解，導致社會對其產生不適當的限制或隔離。在另一方面，也導致了智障者將此態度與信念內化，使「無性」成為自我應驗的預言。性與障礙的相互影響十分複雜，有關障礙程度、類型、年齡、性別、種族或社會制度等，均會影響人們的看法與對應的作為。然而，一個人的性與障礙，二者之間並非互斥，故此重要議題亟須加以關注與探討。基於此，本文就十九世紀後期至二十一世紀初之間的相關文獻為經，以社會運動、權利公約、關鍵法制、里程會議等重大事件為緯，針對智障者在性議題方面的發展階段加以回顧析述。

As human beings， individuals with intellectual disabilities have the same needs of sexuality， intimacy and relationships as people without disabilities. However， they always learn that they are disabled before learning to perceive themselves as sexual people. The professionals know little about the sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities. Which neglect results in their sexual lives remain restricted. On the other hand， the social attitudes of asexual were internalized as their briefs.Though the relation of inter-influence between sexuality and disability is complicated， they are not mutually exclusive. How staff think and deal with the issue is affected by the factors of categories， age， gender， races or the society systems of their country. In order to explore the historical development of sexual issue of people withintellectual disabilities， the literature of social movement， human right convention， law enactment， and crucial conferences， within a century， are reviewed in the article.