109年犯罪狀況及其分析──兼評我國犯罪趨勢與妨害秩序新制

2020 Crime Situations and Analyses - Comment on Crime Trends and the Amendment to Offenses of Interference with Public Order in Taiwan

本文以法務部司法官學院「109年犯罪狀況及其分析」專書之次級資料分析為基礎，觀察109年國內主要犯罪類別，包括：公共危險罪、詐欺罪、毒品犯罪、竊盜罪等態樣，在警察調查、檢察偵查、判決確定、入監服刑等不同司法處理階段的發展狀況與近10年的趨勢變化，並以整體犯罪為標的，檢視犯罪者出獄後2年內再犯情形，與社區處遇中的附條件緩起訴或緩刑、易服社會勞動及假釋、緩刑付保護管束的履行狀況。接著，再從109年具代表性的犯罪數據變化中，觀察犯罪數據背後所存在的法制議題。後者，基於109年新修正妨害秩序罪後，在警察調查、檢察偵查與少年交付保護處分等統計數據，均呈現大幅增長之變化，乃擇取本項議題為核心，並從法釋義學與刑事政策的角度，深入探討刑法第149條、第150條和立法者期待防制事前召集型街頭鬥毆間的連結與爭議，進而得出前揭行為在妨害秩序罪章應集中檢視第150條犯罪的論證結果，以期建構該罪在抽象危險犯概念下的保護法益、構成要件妥適認定方向，與成年、少年司法實務的應對方針。

"Built upon the secondary data analysis of 2020 Crime Situations and Analyses, a book published by the Academy for the Judiciary, Ministry of Justice, this paper observes the main types of crimes in Taiwan, including offenses against public safety, fraud, drug-related crimes and theft, how these cases are handled at each stage of the criminal process–police investigation, prosecution, conviction and imprisonment–and the trends and developments in the past decade. Targeting overall crime, this paper reviews the reoffending rate of convicts within two years of release from prison and compliance with community-based treatments such as conditional deferred prosecution and probation, community service, as well as parole and probation with protective measures. Furthermore, this paper looks at the most distinctive crime trends and patterns in 2020 and the underlying issues of the legal system.In regards to the preceding aspect, there has been significant changes in the compilation of statistical data with respect to police investigations, prosecutorial investigations and juvenile protection dispositions since the amendment to public order law in 2020. This paper hence selects this as its core subject, taking a deep dive through the lenses of legal hermeneutics and criminal policies into articles 149 and 150 of the Criminal Code and their links to and controversy with lawmakers’intentions to prevent pre-convened street fights through their amendments. It concludes that, as Article 149 was not drafted with the intention of preventing the aforementioned offense, efforts should be channeled into the deliberation and scrutiny of legal arguments on Article 150 of the chapter on offenses of interference with public order, in hope to establish, under the abstract endangerment theory, the scope of legally protected interests, the appropriateness of the legal elements of said offense and the guiding principles on approaches to adult and juvenile judicial practices."