朱子《小學》──一種儒家式的基礎教育綱要

Zhu Zi’s Elementary Learning—A Confucian Outline of Fundamental Education

南宋朱子認為教育應分為「大學」與「小學」兩階段。小學是奠定德性基礎的時期，他與學生編輯《小學》一書，為小學之教提供了教育原則。本研究旨在探究朱子《小學》一書的教育理念與思想，進而探討《小學》教育方案對擴展當前教育的可能性。《小學》的教育內容主要是：一、明倫――人生基本關係（五倫）之德性與實踐智慧的培養；二、敬身――理想身心素質的型塑，包括心術、威儀、衣服、飲食等。朱子的「小學」對我們當前的教育有以下啟示：發展以品格與德行為本的全人教育；重視人類本質關係的教育；實施適度的生活規範教育，引導學生邁向自我修養。

"In Southern Song, Zhu Zi proposed a quite comprehensive education plan, covering“elementary learning”and“great learning.”“Great learning”refers to the education of gentlemen that allows students to appreciate and practice the way of self-cultivating and state-governing.“Elementary learning”is the education given to children which provides students with a solid foundation in the cultivation of their virtue. Zhu Zi and his students edited the book, Elementary Learning to provide principles and material for children’s education. The purpose of this research is twofold: the first is to explore Zhu Zi’s Elementary Learning and explain his educational thoughts and education plan; while the other is to investigate if Zhu Zi's education plan of Elementary Learning could offer some ideas for current education. The content of Zhu Zi's Elementary Learning mainly includes 1. Ming-lun (the appreciation of the essential relationship of human beings)–on the cultivation of the wisdom and virtues on interpersonal relations, between parents and children, monarchs and ministers, husbands and wives, elders and youngsters, friends, etc.; 2. Jing-shen (the care of the self)–the shaping of ideal qualities of the self: including Xin-shu (the ways of mind operation), Wei-yi (magnanimity), clothes, diet, etc. This study believes that Zhu Zi’s Elementary Learning could provide some inspiration for today’s education: (1) a holistic education based on character and morality; (2) the education that emphasizes the essential relationship of human beings; (3) the implementation of the education of life normality that will initiate the students towards“self-cultivation.”"