出口信用保險合同理賠條款的效力與適用——以“伯爾尼協會”成員單位的商業實踐為借鑒

Validity and Application of the Claim Provisions in Export Credit Insurance Contracts——Taking the Commercial Practice of the Berne Union Members as Reference

我國通行的出口信用保險合同理賠條款由糾紛先決條款和定損核賠條款構成，二者皆可能拖延理賠過程，實踐中爭議較大。裁判者應當全面適用《保險法》第17條、第19條和第30條，按照''訂入控制—內容控制—不利解釋''的進路，并參考''伯爾尼協會''成員單位的商業實踐，對兩則條款進行效力評價與規制。糾紛先決條款和定損核賠條款在整體上應認定為有效，但部分內容不具有合理性，亟待保險人修改。在適用前者的情形下，后者無需疊加適用。

"The claim provisions in export credit insurance contracts in China normally consist of the dispute resolution prerequisite clause and the waiting period clause,both of which could prolong the claim handling process,thereby being highly controversial in the industry.Courts and arbitration tribunals should fully apply Articles 17,19 and 30 of the Insurance Law by following the ''conclusion control—content control—contra proferentem interpretation''approach in a correct logical order.The commercial practice of the Berne Union members should also be taken into consideration.The dispute resolution prerequisite clause and the waiting period clause should be generally treated as valid,whereas some of the wording is not reasonable and hence needs to be revised.Where the former applies,the latter need not apply."