《中美經濟貿易協議》與中國涉外行政的挑戰

The Sino-US Economic and Trade Agreement and the Challenges of Chinese Foreign-Related Administration

一般認為，涉外行政是國家行政機關依據本國法在本國領土內針對涉外個人或組織實施的行政行為。加入WTO后，中國涉外行政較多地考慮國際法因素。《中美經濟貿易協議》生效后，中國涉外行政集中凸顯了兩國經貿領域長期以來的結構性矛盾。第一，針對知識產權、技術轉讓、食品和農產品貿易、金融服務等領域的規定將影響中國涉外行政的實體內容與實施方式。第二，針對國內法域外效力及適用的規定將改變中國在特定領域的涉外行政管轄范圍。針對不同事項，該協議不同程度地確認或限制了中國法的域外效力及適用，同時較為寬泛地承認了美國法的域外效力及適用。執行該協議使中國面臨國內法及政策的合規壓力，但也有助于據此構建更完善的涉外行政制度。

"It is generally believed that Chinese foreign-related administration( hereinafter referred to as CFRA) is an administrative act carried out by a state administrative organ against a foreign-related individual or organization in its own territory in accordance with its domestic laws.After China’s accession to the WTO,international law has been given more consideration in CFRA.After the Sino-US Economic and Trade Agreement took effect,CFRA highlights the long-standing structural contradictions in the economic and trade fields between the two countries. First,regulations on intellectual property rights,technology transfer,food and agricultural trade,financial services and other fields will affect the substantive and procedural contents of CFRA.Second,provisions on the extraterritoriality and application of domestic laws have greatly affected the jurisdiction of CFRA in specific fields.For different matters,the agreement confirms or restricts the extraterritoriality and application of Chinese laws to different degrees,while more broadly recognizes the extraterritoriality and application of American laws.The implementation of the agreement puts China under compliance pressure from domestic laws and policies,but it also promotes the development of the CFRA system."