論IIAs中”國有企業行使政府授權”條款對國家責任範圍的限縮

Restricting the Scope of State Responsibility through the ''SOEs Exercising Governmental Authorities'' Clauses in IIAs

IIAs中的“國有企業行使政府授權”條款緣起於美國早期締釣實踐，演化出不同的表述形式並被納入新一代中外IIAs。投資仲裁庭對該條款的不同解讀影響了《國家責任條款草案》(2001年)中歸因規則的適用，存在著限縮或影響國家責任範圍的可能性。“國有企業行使政府授權“條款具有歸因屬性且構成優先適用的“特別法”，證明其限縮國家責任範圍的合法性。中國政府應認識到該條款是一把“雙刃劍”。就現存中外IIAs中該條款的適用而言，作為東道國的中國政府應積極援引，而中國海外投資者宜審慎適用。就未來中外IIAs中是否納入該條款而言，取決於對中外投資關係的綜合評估。若納入，宣採用默認式，並澄清其與《國家責任條款草案》歸因規則的適用關係。

The ''SOEs Exercising Governmental Authorities'' Clauses, which originated from the early US BITs, evolved into diversified forms with the development of treaties and are incorporated into the new generation of IIAs signed by China. The different interpretations of these Clauses by tribunals have affected the application of the attribution rules in the Draft Articles on State Responsibilities (2001 ) , which may limit or not influence on the scope of state responsibility. The Clauses have attribution character, and constitute ''Lex Specialis'', proving the validity of the limitation effects. China should recognize the Clause is a ''double--edged sword''. As for the application of the Clauses in the existing IIAs, Chinese government as host state should invoke the Clauses actively, while Chinese overseas investors should apply them cautiously. Whether the Clauses should be incorporated in the future IlAs signed by China depends on the evaluation of the investment relationships between China and foreign countries. If China decides to adopt the Clauses, it is desirable to choose the inexplicit-style and clarify its applicable relationship with the attribution rules in Draft Articles on State Responsibilities.