美國警政人員與精神醫療專業人員合作模式之淺析

Introducing Different Types of Crisis Response Partnership between the Police and Mental Health Professionals in the United States

心理衛生議題近年來在臺灣日益獲得重視，涉及精神疾病當事人之重大刑事案件常是社會矚目的焦點。面對精神疾病患者與處理心理衛生危機事件亦是警察日常執行勤務時可能會面對的挑戰。本文首先介紹三種不同警政與精神醫療專業合作之架構：以警政為基礎之警察模式、以警政為基礎之身心健康模式及以心理衛生為基礎之身心健康模式，並聚焦於危機處理小組／訓練與共同因應模式以及此二模式在各國施行之相關研究證據。本文亦總結此二模式在實施過程可能面臨的挑戰，分別就方案執行、評估研究、組織文化、心理衛生資源與社區資源層面討論。最後，本文亦針對臺灣的政策環境提供相關建議。

In recent years, incidents related to individuals in mental health crisis have received increased attention in the society. Several high-profile cases involving individuals with mental illness have demonstrated the need to identify better and more effective response strategies. Generally, police are often the first responders to be called to respond to mental health crises. Under the current system, they are often not equipped with knowledge and skillsets that allow them to protect the individuals in crisis, themselves, and the society. In this article, we first introduce several collaborative approaches between the police and mental health clinicians that aim at addressing mental health-related incidents. Specifically, we provide an overview of three primary collaborative framework between the police and mental health service providers, including police-based specialized response, police-based specialized mental health response, and mentalhealth-based specialized response. We focus on reviewing crisis intervention team (CIT) training and the co-responder model and their empirical evidence due to their applicability in Taiwan. Finally, we discuss some challenges in the implementation of CIT training and the co-responder model, as well as related policy implications.