搜索票事前出示原則及其例外——美國法與日本法之觀察與啟發

Principles and Exceptions of Search Warrant Presented in Advance–Perspective and Inspiration of American Law and Japanese Law

令狀搜索住宅或建築物，不論其門扇是否大開或上鎖，執行人員應先敲門表明身分、告知來意後始得進入，此為美、日兩國歷年來不管實務或學說發展出的「敲門法則」或「搜索票事前出示原則」，惟仍存在著「緊急性」之例外。關此，我國刑事訴訟法並無明文，學說及實務甚少探討。所謂「他山之石，可以攻錯」，我國刑事訴訟實務及理論，能否受到彼邦法制、學說及實務的啟發，在現有法制上進行解釋與運用，不僅有進一步觀察必要，在具體案例適用上如何藉此進行適法性的檢驗，更是值得探討的議題。

Writs search for houses or buildings, regardless of whether the doors are opened or locked, the executives should knock on the door to indicate their identity and inform them of their intentions before entering. This is the development of the United States and Japan over the years regardless of theory or practice. The“Knock and Announce”or the“Present the Search Warrant in Advance”, but there is still an exception of“Urgency”, and my country's Code of Criminal Procedure is not expressly stated, and the theory and practice are rarely discussed. There is the so-called“An ass in Germany is a professor in Rome.”Whether my country's criminal litigation practice and theory can be inspired by the American and Japanese legal system, doctrine and practice, and explain and apply it on the existing legal system. It is not only necessary to observe further, but also to how to test the suitability of the case application is a topic worthy of discussion.