相互鬥毆判決案例之研析

A Study of Cases of Mutual Fighting Judgment

為有效以刑法壓制街頭、夜店、KTV等場所聚眾鬥毆之不法氣燄，2020年1月15日修正公布刑法第149條及第150條，放寬其處罰條件。又鑑於過往以社會秩序維護法第87條處罰街頭聚眾鬥毆事件之成效不彰，為貫徹遏阻街頭聚眾鬥毆之重大治安政策，並落實刑法第149條及第150條修法意旨，是應優先適用刑法第149條、第150條及相應之程序規定。然而，刑法聚眾施強暴脅迫罪修正施行後，內政部警政署統計新法施行以來有八成案件不起訴，最主要原因是司法實務上認為構成刑法第150條，主觀上須非偶發性且對妨害秩序之結果有認識，客觀上須聚集三人以上且達於破壞安寧秩序程度方可，因而對於一些偶發性的相互鬥毆便不能以刑法第150條論罪，若只是普通傷害而又不提告，也只能以社會秩序維護法第87條裁處。聚集多數人鬥毆，目的就是要去打人，若在公共場所或公眾可以出入的場所打人，不只有傷害故意，也很容易妨礙到社會秩序。因此，為了落實當初修法意旨，未來警察在處理聚眾鬥毆案件時，應強化符合刑法構成要件等方面蒐證及詢問，以提高聚眾鬥毆定罪率。另外，為彌補以刑法壓制此種偶發性施暴行為之落差，未來在我國刑法傷害罪章，如何參考日本刑法傷害罪章規定加以修正，便值探討。

In order to effectively suppress the illegal arrogance of gathering people in the streets, nightclubs, KTV and other places with the Criminal Law, Article 149 and Article 150 of the Criminal Law were amended and promulgated on January 15, 2020, and the punishment conditions were relaxed. Also, in view of the ineffectiveness of penalizing street affrays under Article 87 of the Social Order Maintenance Act in the past, in order to implement the major public security policy to curb street affrays, and to implement the amendments to Articles 149 and 150 of the Criminal Law, the Criminal Law should be applied first. However, after the Criminal Law's amendments, the National Police Agency counted that 80% of the cases have not been prosecuted since the implementation of the new law. As a result, it is understood the main reason is that judicial practice thinks that it constitutes Article 150 of the Criminal Law, objectively it is necessary to gather more than three people and reach the level of disrupting the peace and order, subjectively need to be non-incidental and have knowledge of the consequences of disrupting order. Therefore, for some occasional fights, Article 150 of the Criminal Law cannot be used as a crime. If it is just ordinary injury without a complaint, it can only be punished by Article 87 of the Social Order Maintenance Act. The purpose of gathering people to fight is to hurt people. If you hurt people in a public place or a place where the public can enter and exit, it is not only intentional, but also easily hinders social order. Therefore, in order to implement the original purpose of the Criminal Law amendment, the police should strengthen the search for evidence and inquiries in accordance with the elements of the Criminal Law when handling crowd fights in the future, so as to increase the conviction rate of crowd fights. In addition, in order to make up for the gap in the suppression of such incidental violence by the Criminal Law, in the future, in our country's Criminal Law, it is worth discussing how to refer to the provisions of the Japanese Criminal Law to amend it.