消費者清償債務條例探討

自從雙卡風暴在2005年下半年爆發以來，政府為了協助卡債族能有效且積極地處理與面對卡債問題，金管會商由銀行公會於2006年1月1日建立「債務協商機制」，尤其以2007年6月8日立法院通過的「債清條例」卡債族能因此而獲得重生機會。本文從卡債族因無力償還引發的社會問題，探討現行的破產法無法針對雙務契約的處理制定總則性規範，僅在各部實體法中規範契約處理的缺失。我國自從80年代開放銀行新設，銀行業務競爭激烈，商品多因價格競爭而資產品質下降。另外，臺灣產業外移日多，金融業受限於政府政策，未能及時因應調整，且國內企業籌資管道日多，資金需求降低，民間消費支出不斷上升，對消費性金融的需求浮現，促使銀行積極辦理個人消費金融業務。銀行業者為了擴張發卡量，放寬原本信用卡的審核程序，對於個人財力的檢驗流於形式，徵信不確實而累積的不良債權，終致引發雙卡風暴問題。展望未來，卡債協商機制的「毀約率」可能因為卡奴還款能力薄弱、期待適用消費者債務清理條例而急遽增加。該條例設有「債務人因不可歸責於己之事由，致履行顯有重大困難者」之例外，如何認定亦將牽動卡債協商的毀約率。

Since the cash and credit cards storm had erupted in 2005, the present ''Bankruptcy Law'' found its limits and Financial Overseeing Committee entrusted the Bankers Association to establish a card debt negotiation mechanism in order to leave a wider leeway for the card debtors. ''Debt discharging rule'', especially set a more acceptable model for solving the credit problems. Those credit problems arose due to the expansion of banks in 1990s. More and more financial products lessened their quality for radical competition. And enterprises emigrated deteriorated the lending-out phenomenon. Yet banks sought to expand their business by loosely examining the debtors' credit. Though government intervened timely to rescue large amount of debtors from being bankrupted, the effect of ''promise-breaking ratio'' still remains to be seen.