史家與小說家筆下的魯肅形象之比較：以《三國志》與《三國演義》為主要參照

Lu Su－Comparing the Image of the Historian and the Novelist Research on Lu Su's Character

本文論述史家與小說家筆下的魯肅，大抵基於文本的表述方式為論，從《三國演義》再回溯到《三國志》相關的傳記及裴注，以剖析《三國演義》中憨厚老實的魯肅形象，並嘗試尋繹出其中的聯想脈絡以及其中某些敘事學的意義。從論述魯肅在《三國志》中的形象進入主題，分「孫權眼中的魯肅」、「孫劉聯盟中的魯肅」以及「魯肅的荊州策略」三節。接著論述魯肅在《三國演義》中的形象，分為「孫劉聯盟中的魯肅」、「借荊州與討荊州中的魯肅」兩節，以推演《三國演義》中魯肅形象的形成脈絡。最後探討小說中魯肅形象被嚴重扭曲的可能因素。

In this research paper, I will discuss Lu Su (172-217 A.D.) in three aspects: From the perspective of Sun Chun (182-252 A.D.). As the promoter of alliance with Liu Bei (160-223 A.D.) in the War of Chih Be (the Red Cliff War), in the year of 208 A.D. Lu Su's policy to lend the state of Jing to Liu Bei. Then, I will discuss the reasons that the image of Lu Su was seriously twisted by the novelist. The running water of Yangtze River is vanishing in the East Sea, The waves have carried away all the heroes. In the Western Chin Dynasty, the historian Chen Shou (233-297 A.D.) wrote the History of the Three Kingdoms; however, many legends were added to the history later. Then, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and beginning of the Ming Dynasty, a great writer Lo Guan-chung (1300?-1400? A.D.) wrote one of the four famous Chinese classic novels- The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. ln Lo's novel, Lu Su's image was entirely different from Chen Shou's historic book. Lo described Lu as an honest and almost a bit ''silly'' person. It was contrary to Chen's book, which presented Lu as a scheming planner. The reason may be due to contrasting Lu's ''naivety'' in order to emphasize the intelligence of Chuguh Liang (181-234 A.D.). There are many Chinese operas, which use the stories from the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Peking opera has been a strong influence to the Chinese culture; therefore, the image of Lu Su in the minds of Chinese is from the novel rather than from the history.