最後一搏：張君勱與五○年代香港的第三勢力運動

The Last Strike: Chang Jun-Mai and the Third Force Movement in Hong Kong in the 1950s

五○年代香港的第三勢力運動，基本上可視為美蘇冷戰結構下的一環，其背後有反蔣勢力李宗仁的奧援，更有美國的大力援助，所以有其錯綜複雜的國內外因素存在。他們在美國金錢支助下，成立了最具代表性與實力的「中國自由民主戰鬥同盟」（以下簡稱「戰盟」）。當年「戰盟」的領導群有所謂的「三張一顧」，以張發奎、張君勱、張國燾和顧孟餘4大巨頭為主，背景正分屬國民黨、民社黨、共產黨和昔日汪精衛之「改組派」系統。此4人，在民國史上都是赫赫有名之士，然其有為有守的人格典範，在波濤詭譎的民國政局，註定是以悲劇失敗命運收場，張發奎的拒不回歸大陸與台灣、張國燾貧病交困的客死加拿大異國他鄉、顧孟餘遠走美國，晚年才勉強回台，張君勱的僕僕風塵講學海外，最終卒於美國舊金山。「思鄉何不歸故里」，他們寧可終老異國他鄉，某種程度而言，正是其不認同國、共兩黨的專制獨裁統治，所做的最悲憤的抗議。他們的年代雖已久遠，但他們堅持民主自由的原則理念，以及其氣節操守，仍有足多可供吾儕學習式範之榜樣。本文即以張君勱為研究重點，論述其第三勢力思想之主張；及與香港第三勢力運動關係的經緯始末。

The Third Force Movement in Hong Kong in the 1950s was basically regarded as a part of the Cold War structure of the United States and the Soviet Union. It was supported by the anti-Chiang power of Li Zong-ren and the United States. Therefore, there were complicated domestic and foreign factors. With the financial support of the United States, they set up the most representative and powerful“China Democratic League”(hereinafter referred to as CDL). In the past, the CDL leadership had the so-called“three Changs and one Gu”, with Chang Fa-kui, Chang Jun-mai, Chang Guo-tao and Gu Meng-yu as the four giants. The background was divided into the Kuomintang, the China Democratic Socialist Party, the Communist Party, and the former“reorganization group”of Wang Jing-wei. These four people were famous in the history of the Republic of China. In spite of their noble character, it was destined to end in tragic failure during the turbulent political situation of the Republic of China. Chang Fa-kui's refusal to return to the mainland and Taiwan, Chang Guo-tao was suffered from poverty and illnesses and eventually died in Canada, and Gu Meng-yu left for the United States and reluctantly returned to Taiwan in his later years, Chang Jun-mai endured the hardships of giving lectures overseas and eventually died in San Francisco. Since they were homesick, why not return to their hometowns? They would rather live and die in a foreign country. To some extent, that was the most sorrowful protests they could do to disapprove the autocratic dictatorship of the KMT and the Communist parties. Although the incident has taken place for a long time, they adhere to the principles of democracy and freedom. In addition to their integrity, they set plenty of examples for us to learn. This research focuses on Chang Jun-mai, discusses the propositions of the third force, and the beginning and end of the Hong Kong Third Force Movement.