高齡友善城市建構下社會參與及幸福感之研究──以樂齡學習之高齡者為例

A Study on Social Participation and Well-being in Age-Friendly City: Case Study in Learners of Senior Citizens Learning Centers

臺灣正面臨高齡化社會的問題，截至西元2020為止，65歲以上所占比率為16%，至西元2040年將升至30.2%，西元2070年持續增加至41.6%，且其中超過四分之一為85歲以上之超高齡老人，故高齡友善城市之建構在臺灣是刻不容緩的議題。本研究主要聚焦在高齡友善城市建構下，高齡者在社會參與以及幸福感之關係，以台北市11所樂齡學習中心之學員進行調查，總計回收有效問卷400份進行分析，發現樂齡學習之高齡者主要社會參與活動為「休閒學習活動」，且在學習滿意及生活品質兩項幸福感上有呈現高度相關，幸福感以學習滿意度較高，其中「我在樂齡學習上是有收穫的」、「我覺得樂齡學習有助於身心健康」最受肯定，故高齡友善城市中樂齡學習的制度對於提升幸福感具有一定的效果；此外，「教育程度」在社會參與以及幸福感皆具有顯著之相關性，高教育程度在社會參與以及幸福感相對較高，故政府應思考如何適度將社會參與資訊布達於教育程度相對較低的族群，進而提高其社會參與以及幸福感，是一個需要思考的面向。最後，透過研究後之成果，希冀建議相關單位能夠提供更多元的「休閒學習活動」的社會參與活動，並適時增加不同的課程均衡不同面向（依序為志願服務、社團活動、信仰活動與退休期望），讓已是樂齡學員者更加投入參與過程，創造自我價值，也讓未參與樂齡學習的老年人有更多元的選擇，擴增參與學習的機會，以達到高齡友善城市之目標。

It is confronting the problem of aging society in Taiwan. As of 2020, the ratio of over 65 years old is 16 %, and it is estimated that it will break through 20% in 2026. As a result, the construction of the Age-Friendly Cities is an urgent issue in Taiwan. This study focuses on the relationship between social participation and well-being in the construction of the Age- Friendly Cities. Based on the participants of 11 Senior Learning Centers in Taipei City, a total of 400 valid questionnaires were collected for analysis. This study found that the main social participation activities of senior citizens of Senior Learning Center are“learning activities”and“leisure activities”. The main feeling of well-being is“I am willing to share things that are happy in learning”and“I am willing to help others.”In addition, senior learners have a significant correlation with their well-being if their participation in society is high. It is also recommended that the government or senior education and other related institutions can hold different activities and courses such as volunteer activities, religious activities or leisure activities, and thus create the self-worth of the elderly.