是信仰還是觀光？艋舺龍山寺觀光資源探討

Religion or Tourism? Study of The Tourism Resources In Lungshan Temple

台北市艋舺龍山寺建於清乾隆三年，除了是北台灣最重要的觀世音菩薩信仰中心，也因為寺廟建築之美吸引眾多國內外遊客前來參訪，但是作為一個信仰中心的龍山寺與作為一個觀光遊憩點的龍山寺，主體的認知非常重要，因為服務對象的差異勢必衍生不同的需求。本文回顧國內關於宗教觀光的相關研究，指出一項重要問題是在宗教觀光客的定義上對信徒與一般觀光客一體視之，相同心態也反映在觀光主管機關對於觀光遊憩的統計，因此本研究以艋舺龍山寺的觀光遊憩統計方式及其數字背後的意義作深入探討，除了發現觀光統計中形式主義的虛飾之外，也主張對台灣寺廟的宗教觀光發展有必要將信眾與觀光客加以區別，過去對於國內宗教觀光的研究因為未能注意到這個差異，以至於難以提出切合實際的觀光建議。在對寺廟中參訪群眾做出區別後，本研究從供給面與需求面分析艋舺龍山寺的觀光資源，指出關於龍山寺在建築、文物與節慶之外，觀光資源還包括能感動人的力量，在龍山寺就是他的宗教氣氛，由寺內信眾的諸多活動所構成，在台灣若是沒有信眾的寺廟，也沒有觀光的價值。最後本研究分析龍山寺在信仰與觀光之間始終維繫的主體性，指出對龍山寺或台灣眾多的廟宇而言，觀光是在信仰之外附加的角色，推動宗教觀光，應該要以同理心出發，提供管理者在維繫寺廟宗教信仰於不墜的前提下，調整寺廟內各種人的活動。

The Manka Lungshan Temple， constructed in 1737， is not only the major religious center of Guanyin in northern Taiwan but also， due to its aesthetics of temple architecture， an attractive spot visited by large numbers of domestic and overseas tourists. Nonetheless， the Lungshan Temple being both a religious center and a sightseeing spot， its recognition of subjectivity draws careful attention because differences among service recipients surely contribute to different demands.The current paper reviews domestic research pertaining to religious tourism， and posits one important problem regarding a perspective in which religious tourists clarify that there is no discrepancy between devotees and normal tourists， which also reflects on the statistics of tourism and recreation resources that directors of tourism organizations calculate. Therefore， this paper is aimed to explore the statistics methods on tourism and recreation resources of the Lungshan Temple and the meaning of figures in the statistics. In addition to the pretense of formalism found in tourism statistics， it is claimed that there is a need for the development of Taiwan temples’ religious tourism to differentiate devotees from tourists， because domestic research accomplished in the past on religious tourism do not sense this differentiation so that it is hard to make any further practical suggestions on tourism. After differentiating visitors to the Lungshan Temple， this paper analyzes tourism resources of the Lungshan Temple on the basis of the dimensions of supply and demand with the aim of pointing out that tourism resources of the temple， in addition to architecture， relics and festivals， can also include the power to move people， the so-called religious atmosphere created by devotees’ activities. In Taiwan， a temple without devotees may lose its tourism value. Lastly， the paper also analyzes subjectivity which is always maintained by the Lungshan Temple in the relation between religion and tourism， and further indicates that， for the Lungshan Temple or other temples in Taiwan， tourism is an added role besides religion. Promotion of religious tourism should be initiated from the perspective of empathy， which helps managers with coordination of various activities in the temple under the condition that they can maintain religious beliefs instead of suspending the beliefs.