博物館文物捐贈動機探析

A Discussion of Motivations of Museum Gift Donors

捐贈是博物館重要的藏品取得方式，捐贈者也是博物館主要的利害關係人之一。當代社會重視公眾參與和近用，大眾捐贈文物予博物館即是公眾參與的一種方式，博物館能夠藉此維持與捐贈者的聯繫，使民眾理解博物館工作和價值，並提升公眾對於博物館的信任。儘管重要，但現階段博物館學術領域對文物捐贈動機的研究不多，大部分以少數捐贈者或單一博物館為研究對象，且實務觀點的闡述也十分有限，不利於學術發展與實務應用。基於上述，本研究整理博物館文物捐贈動機相關文獻，提出一份博物館文物捐贈動機概念架構，再延伸探討不同類型博物館捐贈動機之比較，最後提出對於博物館文物捐贈學術面向上的後續研究建議與實務觀點的操作建議。

Since gifts make up a significant portion of museum collections and donors are recognized as key stakeholders, it is vital for museums to establish good relationships with their donors and understand what motivates donors to donate their objects. Furthermore, donating objects to museums is one of the critical ways of enhancing public engagement for museums, which enables donors to understand the process and value of museums’ work. Despite its significance, there are few studies focusing on exploring motivations of museum gift donors. Existing literature regarding motivations of museum gift donors remains incomplete and is not conducive to both academic and practical aspects. As discussed above, this study begins by proposing a preliminary model for explaining why donors donate their objects to museums. It then goes on to a comparison of donors’ motivations in different types of museums. The final section of this paper provides suggestions for further research and practices.