退休資源在退休生活中對幸福感和心理健康的影響

Effects of Retirement Resources on Well-Being and Mental Health in Retired Life

目的：本研究目的旨在探討擁有退休資源的多寡，對於退休者在其退休歷程之心理健康與幸福感的影響程度，主要研究對象為居住在臺灣地區年滿50歲以上退休銀髮族。方法：採用問卷調查法，有效問卷共回收387份，以獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析（ANOVA）及結構方程模式（SEM）作為分析工具。結果：研究結果發現：（一）退休資源對心理健康有正向影響。（二）心理健康對幸福感有正向影響。（三）退休資源對幸福感有正向影響。結論：藉由自我了解與體認，做好各相關退休資源之規劃與準備，並維持原良好生活模式，以因應在退休生活上所面臨的各種變化與挑戰。個體能夠擁有越充足與完備的退休資源，將有助於在退休生活過程中的調適，以提升其心理健康與幸福感。本研究結果，可提供給屆退者或退休者相關退休規劃與因應策略之參考，透過前瞻因應與預先準備為思考方向，及早意識到退休準備的重要性，進而產生退休準備的實際行動。退休資源準備越充足與完善，退休適應就越好，促進個體心理健康與幸福感，享受健康幸福且有尊嚴的優質退休生活。

Purpose: The study explored the effect of retirement resources on retirees' mental health and well-being. Subjects were retired elderly aged above 50 in Taiwan. Methodology: A questionnaire survey method was adopted, and a total of 387 valid responses were collected. Independent sample t-test, ANOVA and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for data analysis. Result: Major findings were demonstrated as follows: (1) Retirement resources had a significant positive effect on mental health of retirees; (2) retirees’ mental health had a significant positive effect on their well-being; (3) retirement resources had a significant positive effect on retirees’ well-being. Conclusion: Appropriate self-understanding and self-recognition can allow retirees to better plan and prepare for relevant retirement resources. The quality of retirement adjustment varied by the amount of retirement resources and overall changes in total resources during the retirement transition. Through forward-looking response, retirees can realize the importance of retirement preparation and take practical actions on preparatory behaviors to facilitate positive adjustment to this important life event. More adequate and complete retirement resources are beneficial to retirees’ retirement adaptation, which are crucial in promoting their mental health and well-being, and more importantly to give retirees’ a healthy, joyful, and dignified retirement life. Findings of the present study served as reference for retiring or retired people's retirement plan and relevant coping strategy.