灰色地帶行動與中國大陸於南海運用海上民兵之國際法相關問題

A Study on China’s Utilise Its Maritime Militia in The South China Sea from A Legal Perspective and Its Implications for Taiwan

中國大陸利用漁船及其海上民兵在爭議海域內採低強度衝突的方式，對美國海軍、菲律賓與越南等國的船舶進行騷擾，企圖迫使上述船舶中斷於爭議海域內的活動。本文透過國際法的角度檢視2009年的「無瑕號」海洋研究船、2012年「中」菲黃岩島對峙與2014年「中」越鑽油平台對峙等事件，中國大陸利用海上民兵對外國船舶進行低強度騷擾行動，其具有法律灰色地帶行動的特性，進而達成其戰略目的。本文研究顯示，灰色地帶行動具有不對稱性、模糊性、漸進性等特質，且海上民兵所採取的行動皆以不引起戰爭狀況前提下之低強度騷擾為主。本文研究建議，為防金門檳榔嶼海域事件演變成海上民兵對我國海巡艦艇的襲擾，我政府有必要針對《海岸巡防機關器械使用條例》有關海上民兵的識別與使用武器時機進行修訂，對未來可能發生的狀況提早因應。

This article examines how China used its maritime militia in separate low intensity confrontations with the Philippines, Vietnam and the U.S. Navy in disputed waters. This article analyzes the legal implication of these three cases to better understand how China uses its gray zone strategy for strategic purposes. This article concludes these incidents reflect features of a gray zone concept which includes asymmetry, ambiguity and incrementalism. The research leads to the recommendation that it is necessary for our government to amend the“Act of Use of Weapons and Requisite Instruments by the Coast Guard Authority” in order to better identify China’s maritime militia and better formulate an appropriate response by the R.O.C. coast guard.