正義不該從偏見探尋──論國民法官法「終局評議及判決」之制度設計

Justice Should Not Be Explored from Prejudice: Design of Conference and Judgment of Lay Judge Act

本文係針對國民法官法之終局評議及判決制度的設計予以說明。並認為立法者在設計制度時，兼採陪審、參審之優點後，調整評議多數決之人數，提升法官於評議時說服國民之難度，以貫徹審議式民主之理念，並且將法官、國民同時納入評議團體，則係期待不同價值觀之異質性團體可以促成多元思辨，而在判決書仍要求說明對重要爭點判斷理由，則係延續我國向來判決說理之文化。然而，制度上安排異質性團體評議並非當然能促成作成判決前有多元視角、不同價值觀點之討論，為避免異質性團體因欠缺共同資訊前提而阻礙實質溝通，本文淺見認為法院宜事先擬定評議進行之藍圖，促進國民參與之主體性以達到創發認知之目的，並對事實認定、量刑評價之評議方式提出建議。

The main issue of this article is the design of the conference and judgment of Lay Judge Act. Legislators combined the merits of Jury Trial and Lay Judge. At the same time, Legislators adjusted proportion of judge and lay judge in the conference that increase the difficulty for judge to persuade lay judge. The fundamental purpose is to practice deliberative democracy. It is expected that heterogeneous groups with different values can promote multiple speculations. Moreover, the need of explaining the reasons of important issues in judgment is to continue culture of criminal procedure in Taiwan. However, heterogeneous groups of the conference promote multiple speculations that is not necessarily. In order to avoid the lack of prerequisite information for heterogeneous groups cause hinder substantive communication. This article considers that court should plan and design the conference in advance. The design promotes the subjectivity of lay judge's participation in order to achieve the purpose of innovating or emerging. In addition, this article provides suggestions on how to practice fact-finding and sentencing in the conference.