太極拳「反身而誠」與「過勿憚改」的工夫修煉

The Practice of Two Crucial Virtues in Taijiquan--“Fǎn Shēn Ér Chéng” and “Guò Wù Dàn Gǎi”

太極拳這項武術技藝，富含中國傳統文化內涵，本研究透過「反身而誠」與「過勿憚改」的理論背景，詮釋並彰顯出太極拳工夫修煉的煉養途徑。內文論述分成兩大部分進行，第一部分先探討有關「反身而誠」與「誠體」朗現的相關理論，並透過四則技藝工夫修煉的遭遇，援引這些事例所呈顯的面貌，追問並反思存在其間的道理，分享誠體體現的感動樂章。第二部分則說明太極拳「過勿憚改」的工夫修煉，這一途徑是透過隨時隨地的身體檢視與覺察，經過不厭其煩的「遇實還虛」來達成，並歸納出四點有關「過勿憚改」這項工夫修煉的煉養價值。

This study interprets Taijiquan, a martial art embodying Chinese traditional cultural values, in terms of two core values of Chinese culture--“Fǎn Shēn Ér Chéng”(“反身而誠”) and “Guò Wù Dàn Gǎi”(“過勿憚改”). Combining these two values, we aim to manifest Taijiquan practice method and cultivate Taijiquan techniques. The main body of the research is divided into two parts. In the first part, we discuss the theories on how “Chéng Tǐ”(誠體, “utmost sincerity”) appears, and the guidelines on “Fǎn Shēn Ér Chéng”(“acting with utmost sincerity”). Four exemplary stories of skill cultivation are introduced, in the hope of promoting the encouraging results utmost sincerity can bring about, and they are further analyzed in terms of their insights and morals. The second part will see an extensive analysis of the value--“Guò Wù Dàn Gǎi” (“When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them.”). The practice of this virtue requires constant self-reflection and a keen sense of self-awareness. When one finds a fault to be mended, it would be better to dematerialize the fault and let it fade away naturally. Finally, we decide the essence, process, meaning and purpose generated from practice of the virtue “Guò Wù Dàn Gǎi,” and list them, each with clear explanation, in the end of the research.