設計思考中的創意：釋義與造物的啟發

Creativity in Design Thinking: Inspiring Sense-making and Thing-making

設計思考是複雜問題的創意解決方法，然而既有的操作模型皆缺乏具體指出其中創意的表現機制。本研究即提出啟發模型，說明設計思考的創意分別表現在問題探索及解法開發的發散與收斂之複雜整合運作，其中問題探索的啟發是釋義；而解法開發的啟發則在造物。本研究採啟發模型的「喚起－超越－動力」機制，分別描述設計思考中釋義與造物的創意運作。在問題探索的釋義，係設計研究者充分同理使用者經驗，經由經驗的內容，歷程及脈絡的系統性分析，設計研究者和使用者相互彼此了解（喚起），透過敘事分析的故事建構，促進對於使用者經驗的理解而洞察其需求（超越），形成問題具體的定義（動力）。而在解法開發的造物，則經由跨域腦力激盪的交互激發（喚起），以及促進整合研究之成長心向及聚合文化，解放知識唯我主義而形成聚合眾觀的原型（超越），再進一步試驗（動力），得到回饋以修正。本研究進一步提出互相啟發的知識共創，論述設計研究如何隨知識創造進程，形成共同設計之集體創意。最後討論心理學如何貢獻設計思考的發展。

Design thinking is a creative method to wicked problem solution. However, the existing operational models lack of identifying mechanisms for creativity. An inspiration model was proposed in the study to illustrate the complexity integration of the divergence and convergence in problem exploration and solution development. The inspiration of problem exploration is sense making; the inspiration of solution development is thing-making. The ''evoke-transcendence- action'' mechanism of the inspiration model was adopted to describe the creative operation of sense-making and thing-making in design thinking. In the sense making of problem exploration, a design researcher comprehensively empathizes with the experience of a user. Through the systematic analysis of the content, history and context of the experience, the designer and the user may understand each other (evoke), and the story is presented through the narrative analysis. An understanding of the user's experience then leads to the insight of needs (transcendence), forming a specific definition of the problem (action). In the thing-making of solution development, through the interdisciplinary brainstorming (evoke), the promotion of growth mindset and polycultural attitudes in integrated research would liberate intellectual centrism and form a prototype of the aggregate multiple perspectives (transcendence), and further test (action) should be conducted for obtaining feedback and correction. In the study, mutual inspiration of knowledge co-creation was further proposed, stating how design research create progress with knowledge and forming the collective creativity of co-design. Finally, how psychology contributes to the development of design thinking was discussed.