華人社會的潛規則偏好：概念初探與量表建構

Hidden Rules Preference in Chinese Society: An Exploration of the Concept and the Construction of its Scale

華人社會中，除了可在檯面上公開言說的法律與規範之外，另有一套不可公開言說，與只能在檯面下討論的人際互動法則，稱之為「潛規則」，其與檯面上維持秩序的規則共同構成了互為表裡的社會規則結構。個人對於這種潛規則的偏好具有「陽儒／陽禮」與「陰法／陰謀」的雙重功能，前者維持了檯面上的社會秩序，後者利用檯面下手段進行個人謀利，與西方社會「保守主義」中由社會支配性與右翼權威性格所表徵的兩種層次之功能有所對應。本研究將從現實生活中的潛規則出發，回溯潛規則在華人傳統文化中的根源，且以「潛規則偏好」切入建構量表，確立新量表的效度與信度。研究結果顯示：（1）新編製之潛規則偏好量表與右翼權威性格，以及社會支配性此二保守主義指標間有中等程度之相關，但在構念上是可區分的獨立概念；（2）潛規則偏好量表與潛規則行為指標之間具有顯著的關聯性，顯示新量表具有良好的效度。

Besides the ''on the table'' rules which could be openly discussed such as laws and other social norms, there are also another series of rules which is called Hidden Rule (潛規則 in Chinese), that only could be discussed ''under the table'' about how to interact with others in Chinese society, that constituting dual rule structure along with the ''on the table'' social order. In the view of functioning, individuals' preference towards Hidden Rule could maintain the social order on the surface while benefit individuals' self-interest with the methods under-table, which has the functional correspondence with the two level of conservatism presented by Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation. This research begins with the phenomena of hidden rule in daily life, then backtracks the traditional Chinese philosophical and historical origin. During the empirical study, we use the concept of ''rule preference'' to construct the measurement of hidden rule preference, and establish the reliability and validity of the new measurement by using other measurements and behavior indexes. The result shows that 1) the new constructed measurement has good reliability, 2) the hidden rule preference and other measurements, including Right-Wing Authoritarian, Social Dominance Orientation, are interrelated but different concepts with each other, 3) and the hidden rule behavior indexes are significant related to the hidden rule preference, presenting the good validity of the hidden rule preference scale.