以「南島」為名：原住民族文學中的認同政治與島嶼想像

In the Name of “Austronesian”: A Case Study of Identity Politics and Insular Imagination on Taiwan Indigenous Literature

本論文以「南島」為切入點，梳理一九九零年代以來臺灣南島文化建構的軌跡，並指出原住民族作家作品在此政策、論述下的反思。在臺灣國族主義運動、原運的脈絡下，「南島民族」二元對立於「炎黃子孫」所指涉的漢人、中華文化以及中國大陸。相較於此，原住民族作家作品留意文化交會的辯證關係。《山海文化》主編孫大川透過原住民族漢語文學辯證了文化中國與文化南島的影響，提出南島語言作為檢視臺灣歷史縱深的方法；夏曼‧藍波安以生活經驗界定我羣為「海上的人」，更以海洋為家國之立場挑戰南島民族的血緣、語言分類，突顯海洋民族認同的張力。作家作品所展現的南島觀點，其意義不只是突顯不同主體論述「南島」的差異性，亦間接反省臺灣以南島為名的國家治理與族羣政治。

This paper aims to trace the discourses, academic and political, regarding the relationship between Taiwan and Austronesian peoples since the 1990s, and examine related reflections on the discourses of Austronesian cultures with Taiwan, especially demonstrated in the field of Taiwan indigenous literature. Within the context of Taiwanese nationalist movements and Taiwan indigenous social movements in the 1980s and 1990s, the concept of Austronesian cultures is often utilized by political strategies and cultural narratives as binary classification with the meaning of “Chinese descendant”; and this approach is concerned with an opposing relation between indigenous people and Han people, as well as Taiwan and China. Compared with this kind of binary opposition, indigenous writers such as Sun Dachuan and Syaman Rapongan have sought to promote a relatively interactive perspective. Such an interaction-led viewpoint is related to two aspects: 1) the historical-theoretical reflection with the roots of ethnicity and language; 2) the individual-empirical interaction with temporary contexts. Accordingly, this paper would suggest that the polyphonic quality within Taiwan indigenous literature reveals not only subjective differences between Austronesian peoples, but also the development of ethnic politics and national governance in Taiwan for enriching Austronesian discourses since the 1990s.