電子垃圾產業及其周邊城鎮發展之再生產過程：廣東省汕頭市貴嶼鎮為例

Reproduction Process of E-Waste Industries and Development of Surrounding Townships - Using Guiyu Township, Shantou City, Guangdong Province as an Example

"據2017年全球電子垃圾監測報告（Global E-Waste Monitor-2017）統計，2016年電子垃圾（E-waste, WEEE）總量為4,470萬噸，推估2018年將超過5,000萬噸；其中，中國大陸就高達600萬公噸。然而令人驚訝的是，在技術及資源短缺背景所興起的電子垃圾拆解產業，正迅速蓬勃的在城/鄉內部空間逐漸蔓延發展，儼然為「另類的城鎮產業發展模式」。前述背景的發展機制釐清與產業城鎮形塑乃本研究動機及目的。本研究透過汕頭市等相關單位，從事田野調查及深入訪談，一方面描述與分析自1980年代的廣東省貴嶼鎮的粗放拆解產業鏈；伴隨經濟掛帥及「先發展、後治理」之電子垃圾產業的跨域流動，其帶來龐大的環境負面效應並引發國際媒體關注，進而轉化為如今形象進步的「循環經濟產業園區」。另一方面，則是分析交代2000年後的貴嶼鎮，其「新型態的循環經濟產業園區」的空間（再）生產的中央政府與地方企業之協作方式；既改善環境污染又適度的干預了地方城鎮產業聚集策略（將「作坊」聚集成循環經濟產業園區）的電子垃圾城鄉發展模式。研究發現：（1）.從地方街坊形態的電子垃圾產業危害空間現象，轉化以地方政府為主導的產業園區空間發展模式；（2）.鎮級政府、企業協作的「國家型循環經濟產業園區」之機制解析。期盼研究貢獻能裨益兩岸與全球對於資訊社會時代之電子垃圾的空間（再）生產模式論述的建構，以及提出城鄉發展的另類都市規劃與環境危害發展的空間模式。"

Statistical data from the Global E-Waste Monitor 2017 the total amount of E-waste (WEEE) was 44.7 million tons, and is expected to exceed 50 million tons on 2018 (6 million tons in China). Surprisingly, the e-waste disassembly industry, with the background of limited technological skills and resources, is rapidly growing in township space using an unconventional town industrial development model. The motivation and objectives of this study are to clarify the background of this mechanism and the formation of industrial townships. A field survey and in-depth interviews on Shantou City are performed to analyze the extensive dismantling industry chain in Guiyu Township, Guangdong. The growth of the e-waste industry in townships, along with the ''economy leading'' and ''development first, governance later'' concepts of spatial capital flow in the e-waste industry, has attracted international media with its huge negative impact to environment. Consequently, e-waste sites have started transforming into ''National Recycle Economic Parks'' to improve the image of the industry. This study also analyzes the new style of ''National Recycle Economic Park'' in Guiyu Township after 2000 to discuss whether spatial reproduction cooperation between central government and local enterprises has reduced environmental pollution and modified the town industrial clustering strategy (relocating ''workshops'' to ''National Recycle Economic Parks'') to form an alternative e-waste town developing model. The following conclusion are drawn: (1) the spatial hazardous local workshops have evolved into a government-leading ''National Recycle Economic Park'' spatial developing model, and (2) the town office and enterprises are cooperating to form the ''National Recycle Economic Park''. The contribution of this research is to construct the discourse on a global e-waste spatial reproduction model that benefits Mainland China and Taiwan as well the rest of the world, and on an alternative economical land model of urban-rural development.