五四以前的馬華報刊文學現象──以《檳城新報》為中心

The Literature Phenomenon of Malaysia Chinese Newspapers Before May Fourth Movement --Centered on Penang Sin Poe

本文旨在探析《檳城新報》從1895年至1914年，這二十年間的文學現象和發展。第一個十年，基於儒家重視經世致用的政治立場，文藝僅是附屬品，用以補足版面，偶爾刊之。這段期間的文藝作品主要以詩詞為主，題材多為抒懷、唱和、旅遊等。到了後期粵謳的出現，其極為白話、富有批判性的特點，使報刊文藝增色不少。到了1905年8月，因響應中國「小說界革命」的思潮，《檳城新報》遂一改從前的保守，對報刊進行改良，文藝變成獨當一面，有了《益智錄》的附張，使第二個十年的檳城文藝日漸成熟和走向多元化。這時期以小說欄目最為特出。從剛開始只是登載少數的國外翻譯作品，到筆記小說的刊登，在量方面有明顯的增加。1911年以後，小說欄目呈現百花齊放的趨勢，其中不乏轉載自中國報刊的作品，因此出現許多內容精彩，傳達新思想和正面價值的傑作。詩詞方面的成績，雖不及小說思想之「新」，但其中所呈現的檳城歷史記憶，以及南來文人流寓此地的過程經歷和心路歷程，都是值得矚目和具有重要參考價值。

This article aims to analyze the literary phenomenon and development of Penang Sin Poe from 1895 to 1914. In the first ten years, based on Confucianism's political stance that it valued the application of state-of-the-art, literature and art were merely appendages to supplement the page and occasionally publish it. During this period, the literary and artistic works were mainly poems, and the themes were mostly expressing feelings and traveling, etc. In the later period, the emergence of Cantonese Song, it's extremely vernacular and critical characteristics, made the newspapers literary and artistic. In August 1905, in response to China's ''revolution in the novel industry'', the Penang Sin Poe changed its former conservativeness and improved the newspapers. Literature and art became independent, with the addition of the Yi Zhi Lu, the supplement. Penang's art in the second decade has matured and become more diversified. In this period, the novel column is the most outstanding. From the very beginning, only a few foreign translation works were published, to the publication of notebook novels, there has been a significant increase in volume. After 1911, the novel column showed a trend of blossoming, many of which were reprinted from China newspapers and periodicals. As a result, many masterpieces with wonderful content, conveying new ideas and positive values appeared. Although the achievements in poetry are not as ''new'' as the ideas of the novel, the historical memory of Penang presented in it, as well as the process and experience of the southern literati who live here, are all worthy of attention and have important reference value.