吸煙者的秘密：論徐訏《鬼戀》中「香煙」的敘事功能及政治象徵

Smoker's Secret: The Narrative Function and Political Symbol of ''Cigarettes'' in Xu Xu's(徐訏)Gui Lian(鬼戀)

香煙（又稱紙煙、洋煙、捲煙）從晚清傳入中國後，短短數年間蔚為風潮，在政治、社會、經濟、文化等各方面都具有其深刻意義。尤其到了1930年代在報刊文章、作家筆下也不時出現對於吸煙者的描述，展示著香煙具有傳達人物姿態、情感等敘事功能。本文由徐訏《鬼戀》不同版本的比對過程，發現作家有意修改了小說中「香煙」品牌，使香煙在敘事裡串聯起關鍵情節，並深化其中國族象徵的意義。由此為進路，本文首先指出《宇宙風》雜誌上刊行版及後來單行本間，較明顯的調整之處，說明小說反映現實的基礎；其次，在敘事功能的分析，則借鑒「禮物交換」理論及浦安迪就「物」於敘事結構中意義的論述，展開「香煙」在小說中美學層次的分析；再次，討論「埃及的Era」煙既是「我」與「鬼」相識的起點，也是關係的終點，由此透視現實裡徐訏「馬克斯主義時代」的轉折，而小說中的香煙亦為其眼見國、共兩黨分裂歷史的象徵之物。

Cigarettes were introduced to China in the late Qing Dynasty and became a trend in a few years. It has profound significance in politics, societies, economy, culture and other aspects. Especially, there were frequent descriptions of smokers in the articles and newspapers in the 1930s, showing that cigarettes conveyed its narrative functions for people's attitude and emotion at that time. This article compares the different versions of Gui Lian(鬼戀), and finds that the author has modified the brand of “cigarettes” to link up the plot so as to deepen its national significance. Firstly, this article points out different versions of Gui Lian and explains how the variation reflects the reality. Secondly, the theory of “gift exchange” and Andrew H. Plak's discussion of “material” in the narrative structure are used to analyze the aesthetics of “cigarettes”. Furthermore, the “Era”- branded cigarettes of Egypt in the novel is not only the beginning of the acquaintance of “I” with “ghost”, but also the ending of the relationship. From this perspective, not only do “cigarettes” reflect the turning point of “Marxist era” in Xu Xu's career, but it also symbolizes the split between the Chinese Nationalist Party and Chinese Communist Party.