溼熱氣候下文化資產預防性保存：以國定古蹟臺南孔廟為例

Numerical Simulation of the Environmental Conditions in Tainan Confucius Temple as a Means of Planning Preventive Conservation Strategies

本文以臺南孔廟為例，探討溼熱氣候下臺灣文化資產的預防性保存，主要運用微氣候監測數據，以及計算流體力學（Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD）模擬，分析個案的整體環境，並且指認問題區域。從監測與模擬結果可知，禮器庫、樂器庫為主要的問題區域，其中樂器庫溼度最高，且後方芒果樹白日遮蔽屋頂，使陽光照射受阻，室內溼度偏高，而且該區展示品為明倫堂原壁內板雕及中樑，因此，在不改變建材或格局的條件下，提出現況環境改善措施，首先建議更改該區展品內容，或變更展區，以及移溼或通風設備；禮器庫於涼季白天時段積極採用除溼設備，改善上述時段的環境問題。

This study takes the Taiwan Confucius Temple in Tainan City as an example to evaluate preventive conservation for Taiwanese cultural assets in a hot and humid climate. We principally used microclimate monitoring data and computational fluid dynamics simulation to analyze the overall environment and identify problem areas. The results indicated that the ritual implement and musical instrument storerooms were problematic. The latter had the highest relative humidity due to a mango tree located at the rear of the building with a canopy stretching 4–6 meters across the roof, blocking the sunlight during the day and preventing any reduction in relative humidity. This storeroom includes the original calligraphic wall panels and the central beam of the Minglun Hall. We propose measures to improve the current environment without the necessity of modifying the building materials or structures. First, this study suggests either changing the display items or relocating the exhibition area, and transplanting or pruning the mango tree. Second, dehumidification or ventilation equipment should be placed not only in the musical instrument storeroom but also in the Chung Sheng Shrine and Dacheng Hall at night during the hot season, and in the ritual implement storeroom in the day during the cold season. We suggest this will improve the environmental problems.