傳統建築土墼牆與編竹夾泥牆泥土材料成分分析方法之建構

Establishing an Analysis Protocol for Traditional Earth Building Materials

泥土為臺灣傳統建築使用材料之一，常見於古蹟或歷史建築土墼牆、編竹夾泥牆上，但大部分修復建築師並不清楚如何分析這些泥土材料之成分，修復時以不當之泥土種類或配比來取代原有材料，而造成建築物原有價值喪失，甚至降低了牆體耐震性能與耐候性能。古蹟或歷史建築材料成分分析之目的係為釐清材料真實性、並據以作為修復時材料使用依據，而目前臺灣傳統建築牆體泥土材料成分分析常使用XRF、篩分析、比重計分析等方法，分析結果並無法滿足工程需求。本研究修正既有虹吸分析法以提供修復工程現地材料分析使用、且作為分離黏土與沉泥之方法，而藉由此方法所分離之材料製作試體進行抗壓強度試驗，比對試驗結果後發現此方法之分析結果具有相當程度之可靠度，能應用於古蹟或歷史建築修復工程時之泥土材料成分分析與材料分離。

Earth is one of the basic materials for the construction of adobe walls and wattle-and-daub walls of traditional buildings. In Taiwan, when adobe walls and bamboo wattle-and-daub walls in traditional buildings are repaired, the walls’material ingredients are often not clearly classified, and the original earth composition is substituted with improper materials which reduces the seismic and weatherproof resistance capacity of the buildings. The purpose for analyzing traditional building materials before restoration is so that the original materials can be identified and used as a reference point for beginning repairs. Common methods of characterizing earth construction materials are XRF and sieve analysis and these are often applied to the adobe, and bamboo wattle-and-daub, walls of traditional buildings in Taiwan. However, the analysis results do not always meet the requirements. In the research, the earth particle-size analysis method was modified and used to classify the compressive strength of the earth material. By comparing the earth compressive test results, the modified analysis method is able to successfully classify the earth, and these results can then be applied in the analysis of adobe walls and bamboo wattle-and-daub walls of traditional buildings.