在場，或者被缺席──臺灣傳統民俗文化資產活動中的女性位置

Attendance or Absence–Female’s Position in Taiwan’s Traditional Folk Culture Activities

女性，總是被安排好她的位置，從出生開始，在以父為主的社會制度下，複製著她的女性先祖們的模式，生活生存。人，生而平等，卻因著天生的性別不同，形成了種種不平等甚至是歧視現象，從家庭、學校、職場，從私領域到公共事務，都能看見性別問題的存在。1979年聯合國通過「消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約」（Convention on the Elimination of All Formsof Discrimination Against Women，簡稱CEDAW），希望能有效地消弭由性別差異衍生的不平等現象。然而，性別平等的課題，透過條約規範的制定，有些可以發揮功效，有些卻依舊窒礙難行。最大的阻力在於民間慣習的強大制約性，特別是女性受到約束、箝制的情形，展現在傳統民俗課題上尤為明顯。本文透過傳統民俗文化資產活動之訪視報告書與筆者多年田野調查之情形，以幾項漢人傳統民俗活動中的性別問題進行檢視，由性別歧視的角度，一面呈現民俗現場的性別禁制情形，一面發掘性別鬆動的現象，並試圖找出使性別趨向平等的方法與建議，期盼友善性別能逐漸地落實在傳統民俗文化活動之中。女性，可以在場參與，而不被缺席，與民俗隔離。

The position of women has always been predestined. From birth, under a patrilineal social system, she replicates the pattern of life of her female ancestors. People may be born equal, but because of the different genders various inequalities, and even discrimination, have arisen in the family, school, and workplace, and from the private sector to public affairs. In 1979, the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), hoping to effectively eliminate inequalities derived from gender differences. However, on the issue of gender equality, although the formulation of treaty norms can be effective, other progress is still hampered. The greatest resistance lies in the strong constraints of folk habits, especially the situation in which women are constrained in traditional folk subjects. This article examines gender issues in the traditional folk activities of the Han people through reporting interview reports of the traditional folk culture asset activities and draws on the author's many years of field investigation. From the perspective of gender discrimination, it presents the gender prohibition situation of the folk scene. Exploring the phenomenon of gender loosening and trying to find ways and recommendations to make the genders more equal, the hope is that a gender-friendly approach can be gradually implemented in traditional folk culture activities. Women can participate in the event without being absent and isolated from folklore.