重要傳統藝術「排灣族口笛、鼻笛」傳承現況－－以傳習計畫（2012－2014）為例

The Current Cultural Inheritance Work of Significant Traditional Art - Mouth Flute and Nose Flute of Paiwan Tribal Group–A 2012-2014 Preservation and Transmission Case Study Example

排灣族口笛與鼻笛反映排灣族階級制度、生活形態、音樂特色及工藝美術，係排灣族樂器文化中最具代表性之音樂傳統，然經劇烈社會與文化變遷，面臨傳續危機。2005年《文化資產保存法》的修訂與頒布，使相關主管機關保護工作義務與權責明確化，2008年排灣族口笛與鼻笛成為我國首具文化資產身分之原住民傳統藝術，2011年更經文化部指定為「重要傳統藝術」，成為國家文化資產重點保護項目，並依法展開後續保護行政。「重要傳統藝術保存者與保存團體傳習計畫」，係中央主管機關針對「重要傳統藝術」傳習人才所擬定最主要且直接的保護措施。有別以往教學推廣課程，重要傳統藝術傳習計畫依據文資法保護原則，建立以「保存者」為中心之藝能傳習，由藝師提出授業規劃，採傳統「師徒制」學藝模式，進行四年一期的技藝傳習教學，培育後繼傳人。為深化重要傳統藝術傳承，本文藉2012 - 2014年兩個排灣族口笛與鼻笛傳習計畫執行案例，綜合傳習計畫內容、藝師與學習者的自我書寫，輔以筆者實地田野調查與輔導團隊各年度探訪資料，了解前述傳習計畫實施現況、傳承特色及其適應狀況，據以修訂更符合該藝能性質之輔助行政作為與傳承模式。

The Paiwan mouth-blown flute and nose flute, which reflect feudalism, lifestyle, musical features, and craftsmanship of the Paiwan tribal group is, among all instrumental performances, the most representative of traditional Paiwan music. However, this tradition has been facing problems in being passed down to the next generation as the result of society undergoing severe socio-cultural evolution. With the amendment and enactment of the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act in 2005, the preservation obligation and responsibilities of competent authorities have been clarified. As a result, in 2008, Paiwan mouth-blown flute and nose flute performance became the first aboriginal tradition art recognised as having a cultural heritage identity. It then was designated as a“Significant Traditional Art”by the Ministry of Culture (MOC) in 2011 and has been the major protection of national cultural heritage ever since. Based on the Act, the MOC also started follow up preservation administration works.“The Plan for the Preservation and Transmission of Significant Traditional Arts”is the main and most direct measure drafted by the central competent authority aiming at protecting Significant Traditional Arts’talents. In accordance with the preservation principle in the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act, the plan establishes a preserver-centered skill learning and transmission scheme which is different from the previous teaching-focused promotion courses. By taking the traditional mentoring approach, skilled instructors will propose course plans, and then a four-year skill training and transmission programme will be carried through to cultivate successors of the Significant Traditional Art. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the inheritance of the Significant Traditional Art, this report investigates two cases of Paiwan mouth-blown flute and nose flute preservation and transmission plans carried out between 2012 and 2014. It integrates the detail of the two plans with self-reflection from the instructors and learners, and also adds the author’s field research and counselling team’s investigation data over the years, to reveal the implementation, training programs, preservation methods and adaptation of the proposed plans. The purpose of this report is to improve the supporting administrative actions and make them more applicable to the Paiwan mouth-blown flute and nose flute culture, as well as to establish a sustainable preservation and inheritance model for all traditional arts.