臨床護理人員職業壓力與體適能之相關因素探討

A Study of Related Factors of Occupational Stress and Physical Fitness Among Clinical Nurses

本研究旨在探討臨床護理人員職業壓力與體適能狀態的相關因素。採橫斷式調查，以方便取樣北部某醫學中心的163位女性臨床護理人員為研究對象。研究工具包括：基本資料、健康運動行為、職業壓力指標第二版(OSI-2)以及體適能測量。研究結果發現：（一）職業壓力方面，工作滿意平均49.1±8.8分；心理健康為41.6±10.3分；身體健康為20.9±6.0分；A型行為風格為19.8±3.5分；工作控制感為11.5±2.3分；壓力源感受為155.3±24.7分；壓力因應為43.8±5.9分；（二）體適能檢測結果為BMI平均21.7±3.4，仰臥起坐平均每分鐘23.8±8.5次，坐姿體前彎平均28.4±9.9公分，心肺耐力指數平均55.0±8.8。（三）年齡愈大、工作年資愈深、護理師職級、未擔任行政職務者工作滿意度愈高、心理健康愈佳；年齡愈大和未擔任行政職務者身體健康愈佳；（四）年齡愈輕、工作年資愈淺、契約護士、有擔任行政職務與不需輪三班者BMI較佳、仰臥起坐和坐姿體前彎做得較好；(五)護理人員的職業壓力與體適能的相關性方面，工作控制感與坐姿體前彎方面呈現負相關、壓力源感受與心肺耐力呈現正相關。本研究結果期可提供護理行政主管擬定協助員工正向面對與舒緩職業壓力相關政策之參考，建議未來可增加介入紓壓或體能訓練成效之研究。

This study used a cross-sectional design to examine the related factors of occupational stress and physical fitness among clinical nurses. A convenience sample of 163 clinical nurses was recruited from a medical center in Northern Taiwan. The instruments included: demographic information, exercise behaviors, The Occupational Stress Index II (OSI-2), and physical fi tness tests. The results showed: (1) The mean scores of the OSI-2 subscales were 49.1±8.8 (job satisfaction); 41.6±10.3 (mental health); 20.9±6.0 (physical health); 19.8±3.5 (A type behaviors); 11.5±2.3 (job control); 155.3±24.7 (perceived stressors); and 43.8±5.9 (stress coping). (2) The mean scores of the physical fitness tests were 21.7±3.4 (BMI); 23.8±8.5 times per minute (sit-ups); 28.4±±9.9 centimeters (sit and reach); and 5.5±8.8 (cardiorespiratory endurance index). (3) Those who were older, with more working experience, were professional nurses, and have a non-administrative role have a better physical health. (4)Those who were younger, with less working experience, were contracted nurses, with an administrative role, and no rotating shift have better BMI, sit-ups, and sitreach scores. (5)There was a negative relationship between job control and “sit-reach”, whereas a positive relationship was found between perceived stressors and cardiorespiratory endurance index. The findings of this study can be used as a reference for nursing administrators to help nursing clinicians to reduce occupational stress. Future studies could emphasize on the effectiveness of stress reduction and fi tness training interventions.