西班牙當代女性偵探小說研究：身分認同與性別之書寫

Women's Detective Fiction in Contemporary Spain: Constructing Gender and Identity

偵探小說長久以來始終被文評家視為「邊緣」的文化產物，然而，近年來隨著後現代與全球化所強調的混雜（hybridity）與流動（fluidity）之文化特質，偵探小說文類也隨之擠入主流文類之一。芒特（Sally Munt）在其英美女性偵探小說的分析裡，不斷強調身分認同之追尋對於當代女性偵探小說具有特別的涵義，因為許多女性作家藉著書寫該文類來探索女性身分認同的論述，也正好應證在西班牙當代女性小說家的創作理念中。本文以性別與身分認同之主題來詮釋西班牙後佛朗哥時期的數位暢銷女性作家之偵探小說作品，擴展性別主題與大眾文學體裁的運用，有系統地探討西班牙女性偵探小說的創作脈絡。本文試以孟德羅（RosaMontero）、喜美內斯巴爾雷（Alicia Giménez Bartlett）以及卡塔盧尼亞語系地區的三位女作家──奧莉薇（Maria-Antònia Oliver）、西摩（Isabel-Clara Simó）及瑪荷納（Assumpta Margenat）之偵探小說作品為例，探討女性作家如何運用偵探小說文類來解構傳統父權社會所賦予女性之刻版形象，又如何再現女性／他者（Other）的特質，進而詮釋作者如何建構女性自我實現與女性主體認同的論述。

Traditionally, detective novel has been treated as a marginal genre by critics. Nevertheless, with the cultural sensibilities of hybridity and fluidity in the postmodern age as well as in the globalized era, detective novel has become one of the main stream literary genres. Sally Munt, in her study on British and American women's detective narrative, has asserted that search for identity is particularly significant for the study of contemporary women's detective fiction, as through the use of detective genre, most of women writers will be able to explore the discourse of self-identity, and this will also be applicable to the concept of creation of contemporary Spanish women writers. The present paper aims to explore gender and identity as central themes to study detective fiction by certain popular female writers in the post-Franco Spain, constructively investigates the writing style of Spanish women's detective novels. The paper attempts to analyze the detective novels by Rosa Montero, Alicia Giménez Bartlett and the three female writers from the Catalan-speaking regions of Spain- Maria-Antònia Oliver, Isabel-Clara Simó and Assumpta Margenat as examples, to show how these writers intend to use the detective genre to deconstruct those stereotyped negative representations of women, and how their characters represent their femininity/otherness, in order to reconstruct the discourses of women's self realization and women's subjectivity.