巴塔伊的情色觀：神聖的情色

Georges Bataille's Sacred Eroticism

本文的主旨在於分析巴塔伊情色論述中「神聖」（sacré）的意義與情色之間的關係。神聖在巴塔伊的思想體系中是個極為重要的觀念。他在《內在的經驗》（Expérience intérieure）一書中，曾表示他的研究有兩個目的：一個是研究「神聖」，另一個是研究「狂喜」（extase）。在《情色》（L'Erotisme）一書中，他將情色分成三種：第一是「身體」的情色（érotisme des corps），第二是「心」的情色（érotisme des coeurs），第三是「神聖」的情色（érotisme sacré）。此外，在巴塔伊的作品中也不斷出現關於「神聖」的論述，可見他似乎有意發展一個建立在神聖之上的情色理論，但是他卻從未在其作品中建構出一套嚴密的論述，只有零星和片段的論述。神聖的概念在巴塔伊的整體理論中可說是相當模糊，然而卻無所不在。何謂神聖？情色的神聖與宗教的神聖有何不同？為甚麼巴塔伊追求的是神聖的情色？情色的神聖性又是什麼呢？他曾說：「神聖是激情的解放，是理性的相反之物」。他又說：「凡是神聖的東西，都是被禁止的」。我們不禁要問：反理性與被禁止的東西為甚麼具有神聖性？它們跟情色有何關係？本文企圖從巴塔伊眾多的作品中，去整理和重構神聖的意義及其與情色之間的關係。

This paper aims to analyze the meanings of the sacred and its relationship with eroticism in Bataille's erotic discourse. The sacred is a crucial concept in Bataille's philosophical system. In his ”Inner Experience”, he mentions two purposes in his research: one is to study the ”sacred” and the other is to study ”ecstasy”. In another book ”Eroticism”, he divided eroticism into three types: the eroticism of the ”bodies”, the eroticism of the ”hearts”, and the ”sacred” eroticism. In addition, Bataille is preoccupied with the ”sacred” discourses with an intention to develop an erotic theory founded upon the sacred. However, he never establishes a rigorous discourse on the sacred. His works remain sporadic and fragmented. In other words, the concept of the sacred in Bataille's theory can be considered to be vague but prevalent. What is the sacred? Why was Bataille pursuing sacred eroticism? What is the sanctity of eroticism? Bataille once said: ”The sacred is the liberation of passion, the opposite of reason.” He also added: ”What is sacred is precisely what is prohibited.” Why would anything irrational and prohibited be seen as the sacred? With an attempt to answer these questions, this paper will find out the meanings of the sacred and its relationship to eroticism in Bataille's works.