「不可理喻」的力量──反思抗戰農村婦女工作中的理性人預設

Rethinking the ''Man of Reason'' in Modern Politics: A Perspective from the Women's Work during the War of Resistance against Japan

本文以抗戰時期的浙西昌化縣婦女訓練工作為例，反思現代政治的理性人預設。按照當時智識女性的一般論述，推動農村婦女工作，首要是將婦女從半封建社會中解放。實務上卻是效果不彰，阻礙重重。何以如此？其中因素自非只一端。然而城市智識女性對農村婦女缺乏瞭解，將其視為落後與不理性，未能掌握其真實的動能與需求，蓋為其中不可忽視的原因。從分析昌化縣婦女工作的案例可知，農村婦女有其自身獨特的社會性別與地位認同，昌化縣當局不僅承認更是大加倚重，從而取得了明顯的工作成效。婦女解放論述在中國農村婦女工作上失靈，是否意謂著它的普適性仍有待證明？本文試圖提出：在世界政治史上，解放論述背後的現代政治理性（男）人預設，與婦女的「非理性」之間，何者更具有普遍性與合理性，仍是今日值得探討的課題。

This article reflects on the assumption of the ''man of reason'' in modern politics based on a case study of women's training during the War of Resistance against Japan in Changhua County, Zhejiang. According to the general discourse of intellectual women, rural women could not be well-mobilized until they had been emancipated from the ''semi-feudal'' society. In actual practice, this conception itself made the training difficult because of its poor understanding of rural women's potential and real needs. Only when those cadres began to appreciate the gender identity of rural women, was significant progress made. By analyzing the case of women's training in Changhua County, which inevitably departed from the discourse of emancipation, this article argues that Chinese women's so-called ''irrationality,'' compared to the assumption of the ''man of reason,'' has greater applicability in world history and modern politics.