以象徵宰制觀點探討道路命名：以台南市和高雄市路名為例

A Symbolic Domination Perspective of Road Naming: Evidence from Tainan and Kaohsiung City

本文藉由Bourdieu的象徵宰制觀點，來探討台灣路名背後所隱含的性別分類，以顯示社會透過道路命名所建構的性別宰制。研究對象為小學二（61位）、四（57位）、六（63位）年級學童，根據學童分別對台南市（70個）與高雄市（76個）路名的性別判斷結果，來分析學童是否在社會化的過程中，隨著年齡增長而有清楚的性別界線。以六年級學童判斷結果來看，台南市與高雄市的路名分別有81.4％、76.3％被判斷為男性，且比例最高的路名主要以賦有權力地位與代表公共事務的象徵用字，例如「通」、「興」以及華人文化象徵君王的「龍」；判斷為女性路名比例最高的名字用字多以珍玩寶物、順服節制的象徵，例如「美」、「惠」、「秀」。另外，隨著年齡愈大，台灣學童將路名判斷為男性名字的比例愈高。二年級學童判斷為女性或中性路名者，到了四年級則翻轉為男性路名，顯示學童在社會化過程中已經習得兩性秉性期待的分類。由於路名也可以是一種象徵資本，故本文根據結果提出未來在道路命名的相關建議。

This study explored the gender classifications of road names in Taiwan from the perspective of Bourdieu's symbolic domination. The participants were 61 second-graders, 57 fourth-graders and 63 sixth-graders recruited from elementary schools. Seventy and 76 names of roads in Tainan and Kaohsiung City, respectively, were used to investigate whether students have a clear gender classification for those road names. The sixth-graders judged 81.4% and 76.3% of the road names as male in Tainan City and Kaohsiung City, respectively, forming a man-made environment. The highest percentage of road names were mainly symbolic words that gave power and represented public affairs in the Chinese culture. The few road names that were judged as female and those names symbolized beauty, obedience and temperance, showing femininity. Additionally, as age increased, the percentage of participants who judged road name as male got higher. The analytical results show that children have acquired gender classifications in the process of socialization. Since the representation of road names can also be considered as building symbolic capital, suggestions for the future road naming has provided to reduce gender domination.