建立制度性蒐藏的嘗試與探討－以國立科學工藝博物館為例

The Study and Attempt of the Establishment Institutionalized Collection-Take the National Science and Technology Museum as an Example

蒐藏是博物館的一項功能，在臺灣近二十五年來，各種類型博物館相繼成立，因應不同地理區位、不同思考模式、不同學術專業、不同政治經濟體系下，各博物館都發展出自身特色的蒐藏政策來進行蒐藏，且蒐藏版圖也持續擴張，但不可否認的大多數博物館蒐藏品還是以老舊文物為主要蒐藏對象，或許是因為這些具歷史的文物經過時間的淬煉後更顯現出其重要性與稀有性，但畢竟這些老東西會隨著時間逐漸消逝，博物館要取得這些文物的困難度與日俱增。博物館一般來說會制訂「蒐藏作業制度」－由博物館宗旨（mission）、蒐藏政策（collection policy）、蒐藏作業程序（collection procedure）與蒐藏作業表單（collection activity form）組成，有了完善的「蒐藏作業制度」後，可以主動的尋找或被動的等待文物出現，再經由蒐藏作業制度來入藏，進而成為博物館藏品。博物館本身蒐藏作業制度與程序已有不少文獻進行討論，本篇將著重探討國立科學工藝博物館（後稱科工館）實際在進行潛力性文物取得方式的探討，特別是具特色「制度性蒐藏」的蒐藏品取得方式，「制度性蒐藏」操作定義是，科工館在符合蒐藏政策下，因需要蒐藏特定類別藏品，與擁有此特定類別藏品的單位進行策略性合作，雙方訂定一個制度，來將此特定類別藏品作完整系統性的典藏。科工館以「制度性蒐藏」方式為臺灣地區留下許多特定類別豐富的文化資產。
In the past 25 years, various types of museums have been established in Taiwan. Collection is a function of the museum. In response to different geographical locations, different thinking modes, different academic specialties, and different political and economic systems, each museum has developed its own unique collection policy to conduct collections. However, it is undeniable that most museums still use old cultural relics as their main collection objects. These old cultural relics have become more important and rare after time-screening. The difficulty for museums to obtain these artifacts is increasing. Generally, museums will formulate a 'collection operation system', which consists of the museum's mission, collection policy, collection procedure, and collection activity form. With the perfect 'collection operation system', you can actively seek or passively wait for cultural relics to appear, and then through the collection operation system, it will become a museum collection. A lot of literature has been discussed about museum collection operation system and procedure. This article will focus on the exploration of the acquisition of potential cultural relics by the National Science and Technology Museum (NSTM). NSTM developed the method of collections with a characteristic 'institutionalized collection' which is NSTM needs to collect specific types of collections, and cooperate strategically with the units that own the collections of this specific type. NSTM has left many specific types of rich cultural relics for Taiwan through the 'institutionalized collection' approach.

In the past 25 years, various types of museums have been established in Taiwan. Collection is a function of the museum. In response to different geographical locations, different thinking modes, different academic specialties, and different political and economic systems, each museum has developed its own unique collection policy to conduct collections. However, it is undeniable that most museums still use old cultural relics as their main collection objects. These old cultural relics have become more important and rare after time-screening. The difficulty for museums to obtain these artifacts is increasing. Generally, museums will formulate a 'collection operation system', which consists of the museum's mission, collection policy, collection procedure, and collection activity form. With the perfect 'collection operation system', you can actively seek or passively wait for cultural relics to appear, and then through the collection operation system, it will become a museum collection. A lot of literature has been discussed about museum collection operation system and procedure. This article will focus on the exploration of the acquisition of potential cultural relics by the National Science and Technology Museum (NSTM). NSTM developed the method of collections with a characteristic 'institutionalized collection' which is NSTM needs to collect specific types of collections, and cooperate strategically with the units that own the collections of this specific type. NSTM has left many specific types of rich cultural relics for Taiwan through the 'institutionalized collection' approach.