美國檔案知識庫發展經驗之研究

The Development of the Archival Knowledge Database in the United States

檔案的目的在為未來創造知識，各國政府為了能成為21世紀的主宰，無不卯足全力，對過去的歷史檔案做有效的管理，為後人留下紀錄以供查閱，並為政府施政提供參考資料；此外，除了尋求現代科技保存政府檔案之外，更希望能發掘檔案中的隱性知識，使得這些歷史事蹟的里程，成為尋求最佳脈絡的解決方案。本文介紹美國檔案知識庫之發展經驗，包括其主管機關國家檔案及文件署之組織架構，以及其主導的「電子檔案典藏計畫」，並在文末提出3點建議，期藉由研究美國相關經驗，尤其是其建立檔案知識庫的願景、目標、發展策略與需求規劃，以及其致力提供更多更完善之服務目標，提供我國檔案主管機關寶貴的經驗，做為規劃發展檔案知識庫相關計畫參考。

The purpose of archiving is to build up a knowledgebase for future reference. In order to play the leading roles in the 21st century, countries around the world are all effectively maintaining their historical archives; not only does it preserve records for future inquiry, it also will provide guidelines for political reference information. In addition to using state-of-the-art technology to preserve government records, we also expect to explore the tacit knowledge to set up milestone from these historical deeds. Therefore, we can seek for the best solution more efficiently. This article presents the development of the United States archival knowledge databases, including the organization of the authority, the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), and its''Electronic Records Archives (ERA)''project. At the end of this article, the authors summarize the characteristic of the United States archiving system, particularly on its vision, goal, strategy, and planning, as well as its efforts of providing more and better service. Furthermore, the authors propose three suggestions, and hope provide National Archives Administration some valuable recourses and references to develop the archival knowledge database.