氮氣低氧除蟲對文物保存之探討

Nitrogen Anoxia Treatment for Cultural Properties

從古至今，蟲害一直是文物最重大的威脅之一，尤其是書籍紙張文物，其中的纖維素、膠等蛋白質一直是蟲害最愛的食物，所以珍貴文物被蟲害大量啃蝕時有所聞。從最古早的曬書，到近年各種物理、化學方式如藥劑燻蒸、高溫冷凍等方式紛紛出現，經過各項嚐試，目前以不會對環境、文物、工作者造成傷害為最大考量點。所以無化學殘留、常溫的氮氣低氧除蟲方式漸漸受到修復師的喜愛。本文首先就各種文物殺蟲方式作一歷史回顧，再將為何氮氣低氧除蟲受到重視，其優、缺點作一陳述，接著介紹氮氣低氧除蟲的原理、方式、材料等，主要希望當我們遇到蟲害時，因了解氮氣低氧除蟲的方式，將其列為除蟲害考量的方式之一，並建議將閒置的化學燻蒸室，改建為氮氣低氧除蟲的空間，了解目前世界先進國家的做法，而裨益國家文化資產之維護保存。

Over the centuries, the insect pest has been one of the most severe threats for cultural properties, especially for books, paper, and archives. Several kinds of protein organic such as cellulose and glue of them are the best food for the insect pest, and there are many cases of paper being board or galleried, even completely destroyed by the in sect pest. Many kinds of physical, chemical and biological methods to control as well as kill the insect pest have been tried, including chemistry fumigation, heating, and freezing treatment. Considering of less harmful to people, environment, and cultural properties, the nitrogen anoxia treatment without chemical residue is popular among the museums and libraries. This article firstly reviews studies on nitrogen anoxia treatment and introduces the materials and equipments needed.