從八目到《新民叢報》：吳宓早期日記中的一以貫之

From Eight Ethic Goal to Xing Ming Collection Newspaper: The One Principle Runs through Wu Mi’s Early Diary

作為五四時期「反新文化運動」陣營《學衡》雜誌領袖之一，「矛盾」、「內在衝突」與「言行不一」似乎成為後世學人稱呼吳宓之代名詞。特別是在吳宓與原配陳心一離婚一事上，不少人認為與吳宓所高倡之道德主張似乎顯現出強烈的矛盾。然而，這是否能體現晚清民國知識分子的某些特殊面向？是否具有一以貫之的因素在其中？是過往對吳宓之探討較為忽視且甚值一探的問題。筆者藉由《吳宓自編年譜》勾勒出青年時代吳宓的閱讀史，發現從早年閱讀四書五經，到梁啟超主編的《新民叢報》，盡己以平天下，似乎是影響吳宓畢生思想與行為的一大關鍵。從吳宓早期的日記中，可明顯見得其時不時在日記中表現出自我對紀律、責任和道德的追逐，過往學人多主張此因素在於其受白璧德新人文主義所影響，然就時間先後來說，或許更直接者當為自幼儒家教育及《新民叢報》，特別是其中的〈新民說〉。本文嘗試由儒家知識分子之八德目與《新民叢報》的思想理路入手，並觀察吳宓早期日記中受其觀念影響之記載，嘗試梳理出吳宓思維的一以貫之，並管窺此與時代背景之關聯性。

As a leader of the Critical review (學衡雜誌), an important group of the anti May-fourth new culture movement. Wu, Mi (吳宓), most be description as a contradictory man by scholars. Especially, Wu divorce his marriage, most people thank his moral words are not match his deed. However, this was reflect some special face of intellectuals in early modernity China? Has any consistent with Wu's idea? Was often by neglected but necessary question. In the chronicle of Wu's life written by Wu self, We can find Confucianism's education about (八目) impacted Wu young age, and Wu also said he was impacted by Liang, Chih-Chou (梁啟超) and his (新民叢報). The author think, it's might be a key point of the contradictory of Wu's life by the other scholars. In the diary of Wu, Mi, we can see many written about request self be discipline, be moral. But the intent is for powerful nation and just for moral. Most scholar thank Wu's moral ethic is influence by Irving Babbitt, but overview Wu's diary and his deed, might more influence by Confucianism and Liang, Chih-Chou than Irving Babbitt. This article analysis traditional education about (八德目) and (新民叢報) idea context and observe Wu's early diary. Try to construction the consistent of Wu's idea and behavior, and observe what reflection of intellectual in early modern China's idea history.