會議作為未來時間性的匯集與競逐──台灣離岸風電環評的民族誌分析

The Meeting As Convergence and Competition of Future Temporalities: An Ethnographic Analysis of the Environmental Impact Assessment of Taiwan’s Offshore Wind Development

環境影響評估，是體制內賦予公民參與科技風險評估的主要管道，因此環評會議經常成為各方表述與論辯開發案之命運的主要戰場。受到晚近人類學時間研究的啟發，本文主張，環評並不只是空間與環境資源分配的折衝，環評會議也是各種歧異之時間性的匯集與競逐。本文以攸關台灣未來能源部署的離岸風電計畫環評為田野場域，把出現於環評會議的意見之時間向度區分為「遠未來」、「近未來」，與「立即的預期時刻」（ immediate anticipatory moment）。政府與開發單位透過大型基礎設施的規劃，承諾了一個關於能源結構與海域環境的遠未來，但環評會議主體的專家委員與其審議之環評書件能夠履行的只限於目前的科技能力所及的近未來，而民眾參與環評過程，一方面是受到大型基礎設施計畫所建構的遠未來願景之召喚或激怒；另方面，會議作為各種論述交鋒的意見場域，實作者在其中經驗的是一系列立即的、不可逆的預期時刻，每一個（台上或台下）激昂發聲的時刻，都指向下一個未知瞬間的新開始，而這正是吸引民眾參與會議的重要因素。環評程序從地方說明會、現勘公聽會到中央的專案小組會議過程中，遠未來的討論比重逐漸被近未來的技術預測所取代，而民眾參與的意願也隨之下降。

Environmental impact assessment is the main channel for citizens to participate in science and technology risk assessment within the system, so EIA meetings often become the main battlefield for all parties to express their opinions and debate the fate of an development project. Inspired by recent anthropological theorization on time and temporality, this paper argues that the EIA is not just a negotiation of the allocation of space and environmental resources. The EIA meeting is also a convergence of competing temporalities. This article uses the EIA meetings for an offshore wind development project as the field site and the topic of analysis, in which the future of Taiwan energy deployment is at stake. I divide the temporal dimensions of the opinions expressed in the EIA meetings into the ''distant future'', the ''near future'', and the ''immediate expectation moment.'' The government and the developer have promised a grand vision of the distant future of the energy structure and marine environment through the planning of large-scale infrastructure. However, the expert committee members of the EIA meeting can only perform in the near future that can be grasped by current scientific and technological capabilities. The public participation in the EIA process is, on the one hand, summoned or provoked by the long-term vision promised by large-scale infrastructures; on the other hand, the meeting is a field of opinion for discursive confrontation, in which the actors experience a series of immediate and irreversible anticipatory moments. Every moment of excited evocation (on or off stage) points to a new beginning of the next unknown moment, and this is the main factor that attracts people to participate in the meetings. During the EIA process, from local briefings and public hearings to ad hoc committee meetings in the conference room of the EPA, the proportion of discussions about the distant future has gradually been replaced by near-future technical predictions, and thus the enthusiasm for public participation has also declined.