以專利引用網路分析公司位置與角色－－以導引系統為例

THE POSITION AND ROLE ON PATENT CITATION NETWORK OF THE GUIDANCE SYSTEM

導引系統由外部引導駕駛人員快速進入智能停車場，續由內部導引進入停車位，提高停車效率，其功能為停車場產業所需求，而導航技術百花齊放，但對於導引系統技術的相關產業的狀況很少有學術探討，本文藉由停車場導引系統來探討導引系統的技術發展及業者在此產業中的技術地位及所扮演之角色。本文利用社會網絡分析探討專利引用網絡中的技術重疊性、網絡中心性兩個分析指標；技術重疊性由技術知識地位與技術知識信賴組成，社會網絡中心性有程度中心性、特徵向量中心性、接近中心性與中介中心性四種。運用兩個分析指標與主成分分析來探討個別公司在產業的技術位置與角色。研究顯示此模式能有效定位公司的技術位置及角色，另一研究顯示該產業領域並無獨大或寡占的公司，進而發現（1）導引系統中的定位技術很重要，BMO公司的手推車定位技術佔有獨特地位，其專利有維護社會責任及客戶企業形象及遵守政府法律規定的三贏策略，手推車的導引技術可擴大到自動倉儲自撿料車的運用。（2）另有FORD公司的預測駕駛人的意圖專利可運用至自動車的領域。

It is known that the employment of an automated guiding system on a vehicle can improve its parking adeptness and efficiency. This can be achieved by effectively navigating the driver with the automated guiding system from the moment when entering the smart parking lot to the designated parking space. Therefore, a parking lot equipped with guiding capability is desirable. As a result, the development of guidance technology is thriving recently not only in the auto industry but also its associated parking system. However, very few academic studies have been reported with related to the industry in the guiding system. In this paper the technological development of the automated guiding system and companies' technical status and role in this industry will be discussed. In this report two indicators are investigated using the social network analysis technics: technological redundancy and network centrality in patent citation network. It is understood that the technological redundancy is determined by technical knowledge status as well as technical knowledge reliability. There are also four types of social network centrality: degree centrality, eigenvector centrality, closeness centrality and betweenness centrality. In this report, analysis of the technical position and role of individual companies in the industry will be presented by using the two indicators and the primary components. This study showed that by using this model companies' technical position and role can be identified. Furthermore, it is learned that there is no dominant or oligopolistic leading company in this industry, and, as a result, our study depicts that (1) The positioning technology is crucial in the guiding system. For example, BMO's shopping trolley positioning technology has a unique positioning mechanism, its patented invention creates a win -win situation by maintaining social responsibility, boosting corporate image and in the meantime complying with the laws. Their guidance technology of trolley can be readily extended to the application in the automatic car parking and retrieving system from a lot. (2) In addition, some innovative making such as the FORD's patented invention that can predict a driver's intention can be applied as an integration to the next -generation automobile.