幼兒類比推理測驗編製與評量

The Development of “An Analogical Reasoning Test for Young Children”

本研究旨在編製「幼兒類比推理測驗」，並探討4歲至6歲幼兒的類比推理能力發展情形。研究以160位4歲至6歲的幼兒為對象，觀察在年齡（4歲、5歲、6歲）、測驗類型（圖畫分測驗、幾何圖形分測驗）、難度（難度Ⅰ、難度Ⅱ）等不同的測驗條件中，幼兒在類比推理測驗上的得分情形，以檢驗測驗品質。研究結果顯示：本測驗可以反映出不同年齡階段與不同類比推理能力組別幼兒的類比推理表現。不同年齡幼兒的表現差異，透過不同的測驗難度加以澄清，其效果可能優於單獨使用不同測驗型式的檢驗方式。在本研究中，4歲至5歲幼兒在類比推理能力的發展上呈現出平穩成長的樣態，5歲至6歲幼兒的類比推理能力獲得明顯的提升，以及即使是年齡較高的6歲組幼兒仍處於類比推理能力發展中的階段。本研究結果可供幼兒類比推理發展、類比推理評量與類比推理教學活動設計之參考。

The purpose of this study was to develop “An Analogical Reasoning Test for Young Children” and investigate the development of young children's analogical reasoning skills. The subjects were 160 young children between 4-6 years of age. This test was used to explore the differences of analogical reasoning performances in age(4, 5, and 6 years old), test type(the drawings subtest and the geometry subtest), and difficulty(I and II) to evaluate the test quality and observe the subjects' analogical reasoning performance. The results showed that this test could reflect the analogical reasoning performances of young children across different age and competency groups. The performance difference between age groups might be more effectively clarified through tests of different difficulties than through only tests of different types. In this study, young children aged 4-5 years old showed a steady growth in analogical reasoning skills, the improvement was more significant among those aged between 5-6 years old, and the older six-year-old group was still in the development stage of analogical reasoning skills. The experimental results could be a reference for research and assessment of analogical reasoning in young children as well as for design of analogical reasoning instructions for young children.