警察防衛的基本原理及其規則展開

The Basic Principles of Police Defense and its Rules

警察防衛的性質不是刑法中的正當防衛，而是職務行為。警察防衛的正當性原理需能夠協調人權保障與法益保護之間的關係。不能從古典社會契約論、缺乏正當性論證的警察任務或黑格爾法權理論等角度推導出警察防衛的正當性原理。該原理不能建立在抽象的國家理論設定上，而應回到具象的社會共同體背景下。警察防衛其實是一種警察代表國家同不法侵害人在緊急事態下的正式溝通，以此來促使犯罪人反省，阻止不法侵害人進一步偏離社群規範，以達到特殊預防的目的。據此，警察防衛不能依據刑法中的正當防衛條款予以出罪，其防衛的限度應適度放寬，同時應設置警察過當防衛之寬宥處罰條款。

The nature of police defense is not a proper defense system in criminal law, but a duty behavior. The justification principle of police defense needs to be able to coordinate the relationship between the protection of human rights and legal rights. The legitimacy principle of police defense cannot be derived from the classical social contract theory, the police task lack justification argument, or Hegel's legal theory. The foundation of this principle cannot be based on the definition of state theory in the absolute and abstract form, but should be brought back to the background of a concrete and realistic social community. Police defense is actually a formal communication between the police on behalf of the country and the offender in an emergency, in order to encourage the offender to reflect and prevent the offender from further deviating from the community norms to achieve the special prevention purpose. According to this, police defense cannot be used to alqint the defendant according to the lawful defense clauses in criminal law. The defense limits should be moderately relaxed. Meanwhile, lenient punishment clauses for police deficiencies should be set.