析論冷戰後美國國家安全戰略對中共思維

Analyzing the U.S. National Security Strategy Thinking to the PRC after the Cold War

依據柯林頓與小布希政府「國家安全戰略」報告，其主要聚焦於三大核心目標：提升安全、促進經濟繁榮與促進民主。本文試從國際政治主流理論檢視其戰略的意涵，以及分析美國柯林頓及小布希政府對中共的安全戰略觀。從美國的觀點而言，安全是至關重要的利益，而經濟繁榮則有利於美國及其它國家的穩定，在經濟繁榮的基礎上，各國政府則可促進民主的改革。因此，美國對中共的安全戰略，就是聚焦在此三大面向。例如，在安全的層面，美國一方面希望中共軍事的透明化；另一方面則期望兩岸能經由對話與談判解決彼此歧見。在經濟繁榮的層面，美國希望中共遵守自由、開放貿易體系的規範；同時也呼籲中共要承擔國際社會更大的責任。在民主的層面，美國則是敦促中共在民主、自由、宗教與人權更大的開放。簡言之，美國國家全戰略對中共的思維，有其模式可循，包括持續要求中共軍事的透明、賡續強化雙邊貿易及解決兩國貿易逆差的問題，同時要求中共政治的改革。

According to the President William Clinton and President George W. Bush's National Security Strategy, they focus on three core objectives: enhancing security, promoting prosperity, and promoting democracy. This paper tries to explore the two presidents' security perspectives to the PRC, at the same time, to explore its strategic implication in terms of the theory of international politics. From U.S. perspective, security is the vital interest, and economic prosperity is helpful to stabilize the U.S. and the other countries. Based on the economic prosperity, the countries can facilitate their democratic reforms. Therefore, the U.S. security strategy to the PRC concentrates on these three dimensions. For example, on the security front, the U.S. expects the PRC's military can be more transparent on the one hand, it also expects that both sides across the Taiwan Strait can solve their disputes via dialogues and negotiations on the other. On the economic front, the U.S. wishes the PRC adherence to the freedom and open trade system, simultaneously; the U.S. also appeals the PRC to assume more responsibility in the international community. On the democratic front, the U.S. urges the PRC can be more open on the democracy, religious belief, and human rights. Simply speaking, the U.S. national security strategy thinking to the PRC has its pattern, including asking the PLA military transparency, strengthening the bilateral trade, solving trade deficit and calling on political reform