小國或分裂國促成和平之研究：從墨學探討兩岸和平策略

The Study for Peace Strategies of Small or Separated Countries: How to Keep Peace between the Strait by Mohist

2017 年起美中與兩岸關係漸趨緊張，本文的目的在找出小國與分裂國家建構和平的模式，並探索台灣可行的和平策略。筆者比較小國促成和平模式上之前蘇聯旁十四小國之生存原則、戰略三角模式、名分秩序模式，也比較分裂國促成和平之東西德、南北韓、坦尚尼亞實例，探索了七百年沒戰爭的安道爾雙侯國模式、二百年沒戰爭的瑞士中立國模式與瑞典引王避戰模式、新加坡從「選邊站」到平衡策略。參酌和平學之父 Galtung 的積極和平、儒家的仁愛、墨子的兼愛與名實論、Rosenberg 的非暴力溝通，最後提出以墨子「名實論」代替儒家「名分論」並以「兼相愛交相利」與「普及和平與溝通教育」，建構未來台灣可行的兩岸和平策略。期待兼愛與禮運大同之世能在華人與世界實現並永存。

Both relationship on Sino-America and the Cross-Strait became tense since 2017. The purpose of this paper is to find models and examples for small countries or separated countries to build peace for themselves, and explore future peace strategy for Taiwan. The author compares the peace promotion model among the fourteen small countries next to the Soviet Union, the strategic triangle model, the Chinese name and order mode, and also compares the facts of the separated countries to promote peace among West and East Germany, North and South Korea, and Tanzania. The Andorra double-ruling model with no war for seven hundred years, the Swiss neutral state model with no war for two hundred years, and the Swedish model of avoiding war, Singapore has adjusted from a ''selecting one side'' to a balanced strategy. After referring the positive peace submitted by Johan Galtung, love based on close-order by Confucian, totally-equal-love and reality approach by Mozi, and non-violence communication by Marshall Rosenberg, three directions of cross-strait for Taiwan to keep peace are submitted. They are substituting status-as-order by reality-as-order'', ''totally-equal-love and mutual beneficial help'' and ''populating peace and communication education''. It is hoped the totally-equal-love in Mohist and cosmopolitanism in Confucianism can be achieved among the Chinese people and the world.