「歐亞經濟聯盟」在歐亞合作中扮演的角色──兼論與「絲綢之路經濟帶」之競合

The Role of ''Eurasian Economic Alliance'' in the Eurasian Cooperation-the competition with the ''Silk Road Economic Zone''

中亞地區自古以來一直是中國古絲綢之路必經之地，自清康熙之後，中亞更成為中俄權力競逐的地區，其後甚至成為蘇聯領土的一部分。中國國力崛起後，該地區之權力局勢重新洗牌，中國經濟快速發展所生產的原物料與產品，需要廣大的市場，「一帶一路」於焉出現，其中「絲綢之路經濟帶」與「亞洲基礎設施投資發展銀行」更是成為中亞國家與俄中經濟合作焦點。2001 年「上海合作組織」成立後，中俄關係快速發展，雙方在該組織架構下進行全面性合作，中亞國家亦為而該組織主要成員。俄羅斯於 2014 年 5 月，與白俄羅斯，哈薩克成立「歐亞經濟聯盟」(Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU))，EAEU 的成立使國際間意識到俄企圖積極鞏固其原蘇聯地區的權力地位，並進而與中國所提出的「一帶」相互競合。本文的主要目的是以俄羅斯的角度來探討 EAEU 成立的背景動機，組織功能及其在歐亞經濟合作中的角色，並兼論與「絲綢之路經濟帶」之競合。

Central Asia has been China's ancient Silk Road since ancient times. From the Qing Emperor Kangxi, Central Asia has become the power compete region of Sino-Russian, and later even become part of the territory of the Soviet Union. After the rise of China's national strength, the power of the region to re-shuffle, the rapid development of China's economic production of raw materials and products, the need for a wide range of markets, ''belt and road'' in which ''Silk Road Economic Zone'' and ''Asia Infrastructure Investment and Development Bank'' is the focus of economic cooperation between China and Russia even Central Asian countries. After the establishment of the ''Shanghai Cooperation Organization'' in 2001, the rapid development of Sino-Russian relations under the framework of comprehensive cooperation, the Central Asian countries are the main members of the organization. Russia in May 2014, with Belarus, Kazakhstan set up ''Eurasian Economic Union'' (EAEU)), and international awareness of Russia's attempt to actively consolidate its former Soviet Union's power status from establish EAEU. Then, Russia's EAEU with China's ''one belt'' are competition with each other. The main purpose of this paper is to explore EAEU the background motive, organizational function and its role on Eurasian economic cooperation in the perspective of Russia and the competition with the ''Silk Road Economic Zone''.