安全化延伸與脈絡：歷史案例分析

Securitization Extension and Context: An Analysis of Historical Case

本文用安全化分析架構，詮釋宋夏戰爭與慶曆新政之間錯綜複雜的關係。范仲淹等新政的主要領導人，實際上扮演了安全化行動者的角色，將西夏的侵邊行動建構為生存性的威脅，由此出發一步步進行要求採取非常態政治措施的操作。他們的安全化論述由直接與軍事事務相關的將校素質開始，透過攻防策略的建構，深入兵制與財政關連的領域，達到國家整體資源配置的大戰略層次。隨著安全化操作的進展，不僅新政支持者之間出現意見上的分歧，改革措施也與北宋政治核心的祖宗之法發生衝撞。由歐陽修擔綱的安全化論述的延伸，則適時地將生存性威脅從邊患指向內亂，增加宋夏議和之後繼續推動新政的正當性。

This paper interprets the complex relations between the Song-Xia War and the Qingli Reforms by adopting an analytical framework of Securitization. The major leaders of the Quingli Reforms, such as Fan Zhongyan and Ouyan Xiu, play actually the role of securitizing actors. They construct the Xia army's invasion as an existential threat and, starting from this point, demand the use of extraordinary measures step by step. Their securitizing discourses begin from the military affairs, such as the qualification of army leaders, then involve the discussions around the intersection of soldier recruit institution and public finance, culminate in the Grand strategy level of allocating state's resources. As the securitization moves forward, not only appear the discords amongst the supporters of Reforms, but also produce the collisions between the Reforms and the Ancestral Laws – which is central to the Northern Song's politics. The extension of securitizing discourse, addressed by Ouyang Xiu, comes to re-orient the concerns about existential threat from border intrusions to internal strives. This reduces successfully the possibility of interrupting Reforms due to the signature of Song-Xia Treaty..