義大利食品安全體系與食安警察建制

The Italian Food Safety System and Food Police Framework

食品與農業乃義大利重要產業，義大利為維護食品及農業的產業發展、食品安全、美食信譽、國際貿易及觀光旅遊等利益，乃有食安警察的專業建制，隸屬憲兵隊衛生稽查隊。義大利以美食聞名，但從二戰後迄今的食品造假問題也不少，由政府擔負起食品安全的把關責任，義大利依循「農場到餐桌」概念，整個食安管制體系相當完備。義大利設有許多與食安相關的部門，這些部門相互配合與協調共同打擊食品造假，其中，食安警察制度頗值得探討。本文將研析下列議題：義大利食品安全體系、食安警察設立背景與概念，以及食品安全與食安警察間的關係。另外，透過法律依據、職權與法律地位來分析食安警察的建制，以及食安警察的組織架構與決策流程與預算等，並以橄欖油為案例探討其實務操作。本文參考義大利經驗，建議台灣應該建置專業性食安警察，以強化食品法律的執行，並完善台灣食安制度。

Food and agriculture are important industrial sectors to the Italian economy. Italy has established a specialized food police (NAS) to protect the development of its food and agriculture, food safety, food reputation, international trade, tourist, etc. Although Italy is famous for its cuisine, there have been many problems with food fraud in Italy in the post-war period. In response, Italy adopted a ''farm-to-table'' concept to monitor its food safety system. Under the Italian food safety system there are a number of related sectors integrated to improve cooperation in combating food fraud, in which the NAS plays a leading role. The first part of this paper presents the Italian food safety system, then introduces the background on the establishment of the NAS, as well as the relationship between food safety and the NAS. It also analyzes the NAS in terms of its legal basis, mandate and legal status, organizational structure and decision-making processes, taking olive oil as a case study to explore its practical operation. With reference to the Italian experiences, the paper also suggests that Taiwan to set up a specialized food-safety police to enhance its food law implementation and its food safety system.