美國重返亞洲政策之研究

Pivot to Asia: A Study of U.S. Regional Strategy

由於經過小布希政府八年的執政後，美國的國際形象低落，又加上海外征戰多年而無功、經濟財政出現困境、國內社會問題層出不窮，以及快速崛起的關鍵時刻，所以2008 年歐巴馬上台後宣布重返亞洲。之後，並陸續提出亞太軸心及再平衡政策相似的戰略思維。為了落實再平衡這一戰略，歐巴馬採取了一系列的政策，如：繼續強化與亞太盟國的合作關係、努力建立新的夥伴關係、加強與東協之間的合作、介入東海與南海衝突以及推動TPP，以期能夠平衡中國崛起帶來的安全風險與不確定性，並有助於解決國內經濟財政問題。本文試圖分析歐巴馬政府的重返亞洲政策。首先，本文論述重返亞洲政策的提出與轉變，其次聚焦於重返亞洲的原因，最後則說明該政策的特點及其未來展望。

The United States' international image fell sharply after eight years of the Bush administration. Coupled with long years of military campaigns abroad, fiscal difficulties, growing domestic problems and China's continued rise, after the turn of government in 2008, the Obama administration introduced the Return to Asia policy. Washington's new policy would be consolidated by the Pivot to Asia and the U.S. Rebalance Strategy, both policies that follow similar strategic thinking. In order to realize the U.S. rebalance, the Obama administration adopted a series of actions, including continued consolidation of cooperation with allies in the Asia Pacific, establishment of new regional partnerships, strengthening of cooperation with ASEAN, increased efforts in mediating conflicts in the East Sea and the South China Sea, and support for the TPP. Washington's efforts are aimed at balancing the security challenges and uncertainties raised by China's rise and mitigating economic and financial challenges at home. This article attempts to analyze the Obama administration 's Return to Asia policy in three parts: part one reviews the initiation of the Return to Asia policy and its subsequent changes; part two discusses the reasons for the policy; and part three explains the character and future prospect of the policy.