在中國因素下香港本土意識的分歧與整合：2003至2016年

The Divergence and Integration of Local/Indigenous Consciousness in Hong Kong under the China Factor: From 2003 to 2016

隨著中國政經實力的崛起對全球各地產生了程度不一的影響，而位處中國邊緣的台灣和香港更是由於歷史發展與地緣政治的糾葛，有著更為深刻而全面性的影響。在台港兩地與中國日益密切的交流互動中，一個令人感到有趣且弔詭的現象就是，當中國愈想透過各種手段與方式來促進兩岸三地的統一或融合時，台港兩地的人心卻離中國愈來愈遠，中國因素的作用力似乎持續推進台港兩地社會本土意識的高漲。在當前香港本土意識的發展中，除了凸顯出與中國官方民族主義的對立之外，另一個複雜與特殊的面向在於，隨著政治形勢的轉變，在本土意識的內容上出現了分歧乃至於衝突。在本文的分析中劃分出三種主要的本土意識類型：民主回歸論、民主自決論、民族自決論。它們也分別對應了三種不同的抗爭模式：和理非非、公民抗命、勇武抗爭。不同立場的行動者與團體基於情感、利益、認知的差異形成了不同的本土論述內容，進而採取了不同的抗爭策略與行動，而這些分歧也使得香港的民主運動面臨整合與團結的難題。

With the growth of its political and economic influences, China has been impacting the world differently. Located on the periphery of China, Taiwan and Hong Kong have complicated connections with China in both geopolitics and history. In this paper, we observe many social conflicts and contradictions in the interactive process among Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China. There is an interesting and paradoxical phenomenon: The more closely these areas are integrated, the greater is the local/indigenous consciousness in Taiwan and Hong Kong. With the framework of the China factor's action and reaction, we focus on the development of local/ indigenous consciousness in Hong Kong. In addition to confronting Chinese nationalism, there has been a complex and unique development of Hong Kong's local/indigenous consciousness: cleavages and confl icts, along with the changing political situation. In the analysis, we propose three types of local/indigenous consciousness: democratic reunification, democratic self-determination, and national self-determination. These three types also correspond to three modes of contention: peaceful, rational and non-violence, and no foul language/ civil disobedience/ brave fight. Different types of local/indigenous discourses have their own supporters regarding different affections, interests, and ideologies. Different supporters also employ different resistance strategies based on their discourses. Furthermore, these cleavages bring about integration problems in Hong Kong's democratic movement.