「我們NGO」：太陽花運動中的網絡關係與社運團結

The Story of ''We-NGO'' : Explaining the Networks and Solidarity of the Sunfl ower Occupy Movement

社會運動並不總是齊心團結，甚至常以分裂收場；分裂或鬥爭不必然阻礙集體行動動員，但一場大型抗爭運動往往需要一定程度的內部團結，才能達成主要目標。「太陽花佔領行動」克服了分裂難題達成團結，促成空前規模與強度的抗爭。本文結合量化與質化方法，透過集體行動與集體認同的交互論證，以波蘭「團結工聯」為參照個案，說明以「反黑箱服貿民主陣線」為主軸的「社運團結」形成過程及其內涵。我們首先建構社運組織參與抗爭資料庫，以社會網絡分析社運組織的結盟關係及趨勢，指出在佔領運動爆發前，網絡內部已經趨向更密集且凝聚的結盟關係。接著，透過對社運組織工作者訪談及檔案資料，分析社運組織所構成的次群體文化規範，也呼應網絡分析中以重要事件作為組織間連結合作的基礎。這場運動主框架以「民主」與「抗中」互為表裏，而以「公民社會」作為集體行動框架。太陽花不只是一場「學運」，而是涵蓋更廣闊而持久的一場「公民運動」中的一系列大規模抗爭動員。

Rather than embodying solidarity, many social protest movements have ended in internal schism. The Sunflower Occupy Movement of 2014, however, overcame the solidarity problem and resulted in what was to be an unprecedented protest in modern Taiwanese history in terms of both its duration and scale of mobilization. This movement involved a large number of social movement and nongovernmental organization (NGO) activists, who mobilized resources and devoted themselves wholeheartedly to supporting the 24-day occupation. The Sunflower Occupy Movement originated in a campaign against the Cross-Strait Services Trade Agreement (CSSTA) signed by the ruling Kuomintang government and the People's Republic of China in 2013. In the wake of that signing, social movement groups forged an umbrella organization, Democratic Front, to campaign against the CSSTA and played a pivotal role in the subsequent Sunfl ower Occupy Movement. This paper, employing an organizational perspective and using the Polish Solidarity Movement as a reference case, explains the origin of movement solidarity within the Sunfl ower Occupy Movement. Methodologically, we used a triangulation strategy composed of quantitative network analysis and qualitative in-depth interviews. The network analysis demonstrates trends in the cross-issue mobilization of the social movement sector and how intensifi ed co-operation led to a high level of coalition, which was indispensable for movement solidarity. Interviews with social movement activists illuminate the micro-processes and dynamics of network-formation, norm-making, and solidarization within the movement circle. The movement's master frame is constituted of ''defending democracy'' and ''fi ghting China,'' while adopting ''civil society'' as a collectiveaction frame. In these ways, we reconstruct the ''We-NGO narrative'' that activists invented during the movement to strongly express their mutual trust and collective identity. The Sunflower Occupy Movement represents not merely a student movement, but a series of large-scale protests of a broader and lasting civic movement. This paper thereby contributes to a deeper understanding of this eventful mobilization.